### Concept
In Section 19 of the Hadiqat al-Haqiqah, Sana'i critiques the paternal uncle, portraying him as a deceptive figure who harbors hostility and greed toward his kin under the guise of paternal authority.

### Key Themes
* **Financial and Physical Threat:** Sana'i warns that uncles, who should act as guardians, are often after their relatives' life and wealth.
* **Abusive Authority:** The uncle is depicted as a tyrannical figure who asserts paternal rights but ultimately expels and neglects his relatives, treating them like strangers.
* **Ascetic Renunciation:** This critique supports Sana'i's broader theme of family as a spiritual distraction, advocating for spiritual bonds over unreliable biological ties.

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## Original content
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آنکه عم تو و آنکه خال تواند 
همه در قصد خون و مال تواند
عم که بدگوی و پر ستم باشد 
عم نباشد که درد و غم باشد
در مهی خویشتن پدر کرده 
به گه پرورش به در کرده
در کن و در مکن مه خانه 
در بیار و بده چو بیگانه
چون عقاب و چو باز وقت گرفت 
همچو گنجشک و عکه خوار گرفت
همچو کیر جوان به وقت بگیر 
باز وقت بیار خایهٔ پیر
دیدی ار دست و پای بلعم را 
دردسر آن عمامهٔ عم را
گرت بخشد عمامه عم مستان 
کان بود چون عطای بدمستان
کان عمامه نه بهر آن دادست 
کز وجود تو خوشدل و شادست
تا ندیده است پای را هنجار 
ندهد دست عم ترا دستار
انده خال و غم عم بگذار 
تا بوی شاد خوار و برخوردار
ورنه جان کن که دل ستم نکشد 
عاقل اندوه خال و عم نکشد

</div>

## English translation
He who is your paternal uncle and he who is your maternal uncle,
Are all intent on your blood and wealth.
A paternal uncle who is foul-mouthed and full of tyranny,
Is not a paternal uncle, for he is pain and sorrow.
In claiming superiority, making himself a father,
At the time of nurturing, throwing you out.
In 'do this' and 'do not do this', he is the master of the house,
'Bring and give' like a stranger.
When taking, like an eagle and a falcon,
Like a sparrow and a magpie, he takes despicably.
At the time of taking, like the virile organ of a youth,
But at the time of giving, like the testicle of an old man.
If you saw the hands and feet of Balaam,
The headache of that uncle's turban.
If the uncle gives you a turban, do not take it,
For it is like the gift of the badly intoxicated.
For he did not give that turban for the reason,
That he is happy and joyful of your existence.
Until he has seen the path for the foot,
The uncle's hand will not give you a turban.
Leave aside the anxiety of the maternal uncle and the grief of the paternal uncle,
So that you may be happily consuming and enjoying.
Otherwise, strive so that the heart does not suffer tyranny,
A wise person does not bear the sorrow of the maternal and paternal uncle.

بخش ۱۹ - اندر مذمّت عمّ گوید / Section 19 - He Speaks Concerning the Condemnation of the Paternal Uncle

In Section 12 of Chapter 9 of the *Hadiqat al-Haqiqah*, Hakim Sana'i of Ghazna expands upon the famous Arabic proverb *'Al-Aqarib 'Aqarib'* (الاقارب عقارب, meaning 'Relatives are scorpions') to deliver a sharp critique of familial relationships and kinship.

### Key Themes of the Motif
* **Greed and Inheritance (Ziya' and 'Aqar):** Sana'i emphasizes that relatives behave like wolves among sheep when it comes to material possessions, estates, and inheritance (*'در ضیاع و عقار خویشان را / بشناسی چو گرگ میشان را'*).
* **Envy and Malice:** Rather than offering genuine support, relatives are described as harborers of jealousy and backbiting, wishing ill and seeking faults in one another (*'وز حسد عیب جوی یکدگرند'*).
* **Sufi Detachment:** From a mystical perspective, this condemnation of relatives serves as an exhortation to detach from worldly bonds. In Sufism, biological kinship is often depicted as a distraction or a snare (*'والاخ فخ' - 'a brother is a trap'*) that prevents the seeke...

The Motif of Relatives as Scorpions in Sana'i's Hadiqat al-Haqiqah

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Sana'i's Critique of the Paternal Uncle in the Hadiqat al-Haqiqah

## Original content
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خال کآزار تو گزیده بود 
همچو خال سفید دیده بود
کند آن خالت از خرد خالی 
بهر میراث مادرت حالی
چون زرت باشد از تو جوید رنگ 
چون بوی مفلس از تو دارد ننگ
خواجه خواند چو کار باشد راست 
پس چو شد کژ غلام زادهٔ ماست
شاهزاده بوی چو داری مال 
داه زاده شوی چو بد شد حال
پس تو گویی فلان مرا خالست 
سنگ دل خال نیست تبخالست
رو تو از ننگ خال بی عم باش 
خال و عم را بمان و بی غم باش
تا دو دستت به دامن خالست 
هردو پایت میان آخالست
حکمت اندر عرب فراوانست 
وز همه خوبتر یکی آنست
که عدی چون شد از عداوت خال 
همنشین سباع و وحش و رمال
نشنیدی که راند در امثال 
رو تو عم غم شمار و خال وبال

</div>

## English translation
The maternal uncle who chose to afflict you
Is like a white spot in the eye.
That maternal uncle of yours makes you empty of wisdom
Instantly, for the sake of your mother's inheritance.
When you have gold, he seeks your company;
When you are bankrupt, he finds shame in you.
He calls you master when things go well;
Then, when they go wrong, 'he is our slave's son.'
You are a prince when you possess wealth;
You become a servant's child when your state goes bad.
Then you say, 'so-and-so is my maternal uncle';
That stone-hearted one is not an uncle, he is a fever blister.
Go, be without the maternal uncle due to his shame, and be without the paternal uncle;
Leave both uncles behind and be free of grief.
As long as your two hands are holding the maternal uncle's skirt,
Both of your feet are in the midst of garbage.
Wisdom is abundant among the Arabs,
And of all of it, one is the finest:
That when Adi, due to the maternal uncle's enmity,
Became the companion of predators, wild beasts, and desert sands.
Have you not heard what is said in proverbs?
Go, count the paternal uncle as grief and the maternal uncle as a burden.

بخش ۲۰ - اندر مذمّت خال گوید / Section 20 - He Speaks Concerning the Condemnation of the Maternal Uncle

In the *Hadiqat al-Haqiqah*, Sana'i critiques biological brotherhood, urging the seeker to prioritize chosen friends over blood relatives. He warns that biological brothers are often driven by greed and rivalry, acting as adversaries who vie for inheritance and demand material wealth. According to Sana'i, true companionship should be based on spiritual affinity rather than the inherent conflicts and grief associated with familial ties.

Sana'i's Critique of Biological Brotherhood in the Hadiqat al-Haqiqah

### Concept
In Section 20 of the Hadiqat al-Haqiqah, Sana'i critiques the maternal uncle (khal), portraying him as a self-serving figure who exploits family ties for personal gain.

### Key Themes
* **Inheritance Greed:** Sana'i warns that the maternal uncle's actions are driven by desire for the mother's inheritance.
* **Opportunistic Affection:** The uncle seeks closeness when the nephew is wealthy but shuns him in times of poverty.
* **Spiritual Detachment:** The poem advises the seeker to abandon reliance on both paternal and maternal uncles to avoid worldly grief.

Sana'i's Critique of the Maternal Uncle in the Hadiqat al-Haqiqah

### Concept
In Section 21 of the Hadiqat al-Haqiqah, Sana'i critiques the social and familial consequences of having a relative who gains power or wealth through a military position (awan or lashkari).

### Key Themes
* **Arrogance and Cruelty:** Sana'i warns that a relative who becomes a soldier or guard will look down on their family, treating elders (such as their father) like servants.
* **Opportunism and Betrayal:** Power and wealth lead the relative to change their companions and abandon their kinship duties, exploiting or demanding service from family members.
* **Ethical Detachment:** The poem advises against relying on such relatives, illustrating how worldly authority corrupts family relations and spiritual values.

Sana'i's Critique of Having a Relative in the Military in the Hadiqat al-Haqiqah

### Concept
In Section 28 of the Hadiqat al-Haqiqah, Sana'i critiques the ethical and social consequences of having a relative who is a jurist (faqih).

### Key Themes
* **Deceit and Hypocrisy:** Sana'i warns that a jurist relative uses legal tricks (hilah) and deceit to justify their actions, acting with double standards rather than genuine faith or understanding.
* **Cruelty and Oppression:** Despite their religious and legal knowledge, such a relative is described as oppressive, causing distress and exploiting others, even resorting to imprisonment or legal documents (chakk) to threaten family members.
* **Ethical Detachment:** The poem advises vigilance and caution when dealing with such relatives, illustrating how intellectual status without true moral foundation corrupts familial relationships.

Sana'i's Critique of Having a Jurist as a Relative in the Hadiqat al-Haqiqah

In the Hadiqat al-Haqiqah, Sana'i extends his critique of biological kinship to sisters, viewing their presence through a lens of material and social anxiety. He argues that the birth of a sister causes distress to the father due to the requirements of inheritance and the provision of a dowry (jahiz). Sana'i suggests that the biological sister, driven by desires for marriage and material wealth, represents a potential for familial dishonor and a distraction from spiritual focus. This thematic focus reinforces his broader ascetic message that blood relations are often obstacles to spiritual sincerity.

Sana'i's Critique of Biological Sisterhood in the Hadiqat al-Haqiqah

### Concept
In Section 17 of the Hadiqat al-Haqiqah, Sana'i presents a highly cautionary and critical perspective on having daughters, reflecting medieval social and familial anxieties.

### Key Themes
* **Family Honor:** Sana'i warns that daughters can be a source of shame or dishonor to the household if not strictly guarded.
* **Social Anxieties:** The text expresses deep-seated concerns regarding marriage, trust, and the challenges of finding reliable suitors in a patriarchal society.
* **Domestic Vigilance:** He emphasizes the need to secure the household, advising fathers to remain constantly vigilant.

Sana'i's Censure of Daughters in the Hadiqat al-Haqiqah

### Concept
In Section 18 of the Hadiqat al-Haqiqah, Sana'i extends his critical examination of familial relations to the son-in-law (or brother-in-law), portraying this relationship as a source of material exploitation and domestic disruption.

### Key Themes
* **Material Exploitation:** Sana'i warns that a son-in-law's affection and commitment are often transactional, driven solely by monetary gains, and that he will abandon the family once their wealth is depleted.
* **Domestic Intrusion:** The text highlights how the son-in-law repeatedly intrudes upon the household, causing distress and undermining domestic peace.
* **Ascetic Skepticism:** This censure aligns with Sana'i's broader ascetic framework, which views biological and marital alliances as worldly distractions and potential hazards to spiritual focus.

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