Concept

Stage 2 of Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development

The second stage, Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt, occurs between the ages of 1 and 3. During this period, toddlers discover they can control their own actions and influence their environment to achieve desired outcomes. The central task is to develop a sense of independence, often expressed as the 'me do it' phase, where they show distinct preferences for things like food, toys, and clothing. Successfully fostering this independence helps build a strong sense of self-reliance. However, if a child is consistently restricted from acting on their environment, they may develop self-doubt, leading to feelings of shame and low self-esteem.

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Updated 2025-10-04

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