Concept

Stage 4 of Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development

In the fourth stage of psychosocial development, industry versus inferiority, which occurs during the elementary school years (ages 7–11), children start to evaluate their own abilities by comparing themselves with their peers. Success in this comparison, whether in academics, sports, social interactions, or family life, fosters a sense of pride and accomplishment. Conversely, if children perceive themselves as not measuring up to their peers, they may develop feelings of inferiority and inadequacy.

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Updated 2025-10-04

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