Word concreteness and imagery are very important in cognitive and educational tasks in learning. They also play an important role in meaning and comprehension of words. For example, images benefit text comprehension and reading of educational materials often elicit spontaneous imagery. 

Imagery Processes in the Meaning of Words and Text

- The meaning of words
- Relations between associative knowledge and imagery 

Associative Structure of Knowledge 

- Imagery Processes in the Meaning of Words and Text
- Associative Structure of Knowledge 

University of California, Berkeley

- Concepts in DCT
- Structure of Knowledge 
- Learning and Memory

DCT supports our representation of text

Clark, J. M., & Paivio, A. (1991). Dual coding theory and education. Educational psychology review, 3(3), 149-210.

Dual coding theory and education

Two systems

- Referential connections
- Associate connections

Two connections

Structure of Knowledge

- the role of non-verbal and imaginal processes in learning
- the role of non-verbal and imaginal processes in memory

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