Causation

Wage-Price Spiral at Low Unemployment

When unemployment in the economy is below its equilibrium level, the real wage required by workers (indicated by the WS curve) exceeds the real wage that firms' pricing policies can sustain (the PS curve). This discrepancy (WS>PSWS > PS) initiates an ongoing process of rising nominal wages and prices. This dynamic, often called a wage-price spiral, means that lower levels of unemployment are associated with higher rates of inflation.

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Updated 2026-01-15

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