Observational learning extends the effective range of both classical and operant conditioning. While classical and operant conditioning require an organism to learn through direct experience, observational learning allows humans and other animals to learn indirectly by watching others and imitating their actions.

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The three fundamental types of learning are classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning. These processes are distinguished by the nature of the associations formed and the level of consciousness involved. Classical conditioning typically involves unconscious processes, operant conditioning involves conscious processes, and observational learning incorporates social and cognitive dimensions into the associative processes.

Comparison of the Three Basic Forms of Learning

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

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