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Specialized Terminology in Operant Conditioning
In the framework of operant conditioning, several common words carry specific, technical meanings that differ from their everyday usage. The terms 'positive' and 'negative' do not denote 'good' or 'bad'; instead, 'positive' signifies the addition of a stimulus, while 'negative' refers to the removal of a stimulus. Likewise, 'reinforcement' is any consequence that functions to increase a behavior, whereas 'punishment' is any consequence that serves to decrease a behavior.
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Operant Conditioning: Reinforcement Example
Operant Conditioning: Punishment Example
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A dog learns that if it sits on command, it receives a treat. As a result, the dog becomes more likely to sit whenever the command is given. Which statement best analyzes the components of this learning process?
A dog trainer is trying to teach a dog to roll over. Every time the dog successfully completes the roll, the trainer gives it a small, tasty treat. After several training sessions, the dog begins to roll over more consistently and quickly when prompted. Based on the principles of how consequences influence voluntary actions, what is the most likely reason for the dog's behavioral change?
Positive (Operant Conditioning)
Negative (Operant Conditioning)
Teaching Machine
Skinner's View on Punishment
Modern Expert Views on Reinforcement vs. Punishment
Shaping