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Retrieval practice ( testing effect )
Studying by practice tests improves encoding into long term memory more than rereading passages (while there is no difference in short term understanding).
- using tests as learning events
- question asking
- flashcards
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encoding specificity
Transfer-appropriate processing
Retrieval practice ( testing effect )
A student is taking a history exam. When she reads the question, 'What was the primary cause of the Peloponnesian War?', she pauses for a moment before the answer comes to her mind. What cognitive process does this successful act of remembering the information best illustrate?
Generation Effect
Interleaving Study Materials
Vary Study Conditions
Desirable Difficulties References
The cognitive bases of desirable difficulties: memory and metacognition
Motivation and desirable difficulties: Variables effecting self-regulatory learning processes
Spacing effect
Retrieval practice ( testing effect )
Learn After
Test-Enhanced Learning (Roediger & Karpicke): Taking Memory Tests Improves Long-Term Retention
Test-Enhanced Learning
Studying the Testing Effect in the Classroom
Retrieval Practice (Testing)
Multiple-choice testing as a desirable difficulty in the classroom
Practice Testing
Gyllen, J. G., Stahovich, T. F., Mayer, R. E., Entezari, N., & Darvishzadeh, A. (2020). Priming productive study strategies with preparatory quizzes in an engineering course. Applied Cognitive Psychology.
Using preparatory quizzes to aid study strategies study
Richland, L. E., Kornell, N., & Kao, L. S. (2009). The pretesting effect: Do unsuccessful retrieval attempts enhance learning?. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 15(3), 243.
The pretesting effect: Do unsuccessful retrieval attempts enhance learning? study
Disfluent difficulties are not desirable difficulties: the (lack of) effect of Sans Forgetica on memory
Desirable Difficulties in Vocabulary Learning
Testing Effect Definition