Seeking Justice
The moral principle of seeking justice requires researchers to treat all individuals fairly and ensure an equitable distribution of both the risks and benefits associated with scientific research. On an individual level, this means fairly compensating participants and offering effective treatments to control groups at the study's conclusion. On a broader societal level, it demands that historically marginalized or vulnerable populations—such as institutionalized individuals, disabled people, or ethnic minorities—do not bear a disproportionate burden of research risks, a standard established in response to past historical atrocities.
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Research Methods in Psychology - 4th American Edition @ KPU
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Acting Responsibly and with Integrity
Seeking Justice
Unavoidable Ethical Conflict
Weighing Risks Against Benefits
Respecting People's Rights and Dignity
Ethics Codes
Which of the following correctly identifies the four widely accepted moral principles that investigators rely on when evaluating the ethics of psychological research?
In psychological research, ethical evaluation is guided by four core moral principles. Match each principle with the specific ethical objective it aims to achieve during the design and implementation of a study.
True or False: In psychological research ethics, the principle of 'seeking justice' is inherently satisfied if a researcher has already fulfilled the principle of 'weighing risks against benefits' by ensuring the study's total social gain exceeds the potential harm to participants.
To perform a comprehensive ethical evaluation using the four moral principles, a researcher must judge the impact of a study across multiple layers of scope. Arrange the following assessment focuses in order, starting from the most specific level of impact to the individuals involved and ending with the most global level of impact on the public.
In psychological research ethics, the four widely accepted moral principles serve as a universally accepted starting point because essentially everyone agrees on these fundamental ideas.
Why do the four core moral principles (weighing risks against benefits, acting with integrity, seeking justice, and respecting people's rights and dignity) serve as a universally accepted starting point for evaluating the ethics of psychological research?
A research team conducting a study on a new educational program recruits participants from both high-performing and low-performing school districts so that the burdens and benefits of the research are distributed fairly across the population. This team is primarily applying the moral principle of seeking _____.
Match each of the four moral principles of scientific research to the research scenario that represents its application.
When analyzing how a study's ethical framework functions, researchers recognize that because essentially everyone agrees on the four core moral principles, these principles serve as a universally accepted _____ for assessing the study's impacts.
Arrange the groups that are impacted by a psychological study's ethical decisions in order from the most immediate/micro level of impact to the most broad/macro level of impact, as outlined in the moral principles framework.
Weighing Risks Against Benefits
Seeking Justice
Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects
Respecting People's Rights and Dignity
Match each core moral principle established by the Belmont Report with its corresponding description.
A researcher studying the effects of a new stress-reduction technique recruits participants exclusively from a low-income housing complex, even though the technique is intended to benefit all adults. The potential risks of the study are borne entirely by this economically disadvantaged group, while the benefits of the findings will be applied to the broader population. Which core ethical principle from the landmark 1978 federal guidelines for human-subjects research is most directly violated in this scenario?
A researcher is planning a study to investigate the effects of caffeine on memory performance. Arrange the following research actions in the order that they correctly demonstrate the application of these specific Belmont Report principles: Respect for Persons, then Beneficence, and finally Justice.
Under the Belmont Report's ethical framework, ensuring that a research study maintains a highly favorable risk-benefit ratio for its participants automatically guarantees that the principle of Justice has also been satisfied.
You are designing an original research protocol to test a new psychological intervention for foster children, a population considered vulnerable. To construct a study design that comprehensively synthesizes the three core moral principles of the 1978 federal guidelines for human subjects research (the Belmont Report), which of the following integrated strategies should you propose?
The Belmont Report is a set of United States federal guidelines that explicitly recognized three core moral principles for research: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.
An institutional review board evaluates a research proposal and determines that the study's design is unethical because the potential for psychological distress to the participants is not justified by the study's minimal scientific benefit. In making this judgment to prioritize participant welfare over the researcher's scientific goals, the board is primarily enforcing the Belmont Report principle of _____.
A researcher is making ethical decisions throughout the design and conduct of a study on chronic pain management. Match each of the following research actions to the Belmont Report principle it most directly exemplifies.
A research team studying a new antidepressant recruits participants exclusively from a Veterans Affairs hospital, even though the drug, if approved, will be marketed to the general public. An ethics reviewer concludes that this design violates the Belmont Report's principle of _____, because the burdens of participation fall disproportionately on one population group while the potential treatment benefits will be available to everyone.
An IRB is evaluating a proposed study on financial stress and decision-making that involves temporarily deceiving participants about whether their answers will affect their financial aid eligibility. Arrange the following IRB evaluation steps in the order they should be completed, from first (1) to last (5), to reflect sound Belmont-based ethical review.
Identify the year the Belmont Report was published, the primary historical study that prompted its creation, and list the three core moral principles for research that it established.
Based on the Belmont Report's ethical guidelines, explain how this study design violates the principle of seeking justice.
A researcher wants to study memory in children. Explain how the researcher should apply the Belmont Report's principle of respect for persons during the recruitment and enrollment process.
Learn After
Control Group in Research
Tuskegee Syphilis Study
In the context of scientific research, what does the moral principle of seeking justice primarily require?
A researcher developing a new cognitive-behavioral intervention recruits participants exclusively from a psychiatric inpatient facility because they are readily available, even though the resulting treatment is intended for use with the general outpatient population. This practice raises ethical concerns because the risks of participation fall disproportionately on a vulnerable, institutionalized group that is unlikely to be the primary beneficiary of the research outcomes.
The principle of seeking justice in research requires that both the risks and benefits of scientific inquiry be distributed fairly. Match each research practice to the specific aspect of the justice principle it applies.
Analyze the following stages of a hypothetical research project. Arrange the steps to correctly illustrate the chronological and logical progression of a violation of the principle of seeking justice at the societal level.
What does the moral principle of seeking justice specifically demand at the societal level of research?
The ethical principle of seeking justice in research operates at multiple levels and is grounded in key historical documents. Match each term to its correct description.
When evaluating a research design to ensure it adheres to the principle of justice, a reviewer must confirm that there is an _____ distribution of both the risks and the benefits of the study across all social groups.
A clinical psychology researcher recruits participants exclusively from a psychiatric inpatient hospital because they are easily accessible, even though the resulting treatment is designed to be marketed as an expensive therapy for wealthy outpatients. According to the Belmont Report, this research design complies with the societal level of seeking justice because the inpatient participants receive free therapy during the trial.
An ethical evaluation of a drug trial reveals that after the study ended, the researchers did not offer the successful therapeutic drug to the participants who received a placebo. This is a direct violation of the principle of seeking justice on an individual level, which requires researchers to offer effective treatments to _____ groups at the study's conclusion.
An ethics board is evaluating a proposed longitudinal study on a new therapy. Order the steps the board must take to evaluate the study's compliance with the principle of seeking justice, starting from pre-recruitment societal concerns to post-study individual requirements.