Example

Solving a Rectangle Perimeter Problem Using a System of Equations by Substitution

Apply the seven-step problem-solving strategy for systems of linear equations to a geometry word problem involving the perimeter of a rectangle, using substitution to solve the resulting system.

Problem: The perimeter of a rectangle is 88. The length is five more than twice the width. Find the length and the width.

  1. Read the problem and draw a rectangle labeled with width WW and length LL.
  2. Identify: The length and width of the rectangle.
  3. Name: Let LL = the length and WW = the width.
  4. Translate into a system of equations. The perimeter formula gives the first equation, and the relationship between the dimensions gives the second:

{2L+2W=88L=2W+5\left\{\begin{array}{l} 2L + 2W = 88 \\ L = 2W + 5 \end{array}\right.

  1. Solve using substitution. Because the second equation is already solved for LL, substitute 2W+52W + 5 for LL in the first equation:

2(2W+5)+2W=882(2W + 5) + 2W = 88

Distribute: 4W+10+2W=884W + 10 + 2W = 88. Combine like terms: 6W+10=886W + 10 = 88. Subtract 1010: 6W=786W = 78. Divide by 66: W=13W = 13.

Substitute W=13W = 13 into the second equation: L=2(13)+5=26+5=31L = 2(13) + 5 = 26 + 5 = 31.

  1. Check: Does a rectangle with length 3131 and width 1313 have perimeter 8888? 2(31)+2(13)=62+26=882(31) + 2(13) = 62 + 26 = 88
  2. Answer: The length is 3131 and the width is 1313.

This example shows how a geometry word problem naturally produces a system of two equations — one from a formula (the perimeter equation 2L+2W=882L + 2W = 88) and one from a verbal relationship between the unknowns (L=2W+5L = 2W + 5). Because the relationship equation is already solved for LL, substitution begins immediately at Step 2 of the substitution method. Compare this with the single-variable approach to similar problems, where the length must first be expressed in terms of the width before substituting into the perimeter formula — the systems approach lets each unknown keep its own variable, which some learners find more intuitive to set up.

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Updated 2026-04-21

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