Example

Solving an Age Word Problem Using a System of Equations by Substitution

Apply the seven-step problem-solving strategy for systems of linear equations to a real-world age problem, using substitution to solve the resulting system.

Problem: Devon is 26 years older than his son Cooper. The sum of their ages is 50. Find their ages.

  1. Read the problem.
  2. Identify what to find: the ages of Devon and Cooper.
  3. Name the unknowns: Let dd = Devon's age and cc = Cooper's age.
  4. Translate into a system of equations. "Devon is 26 years older than Cooper" gives d=c+26d = c + 26. "The sum of their ages is 50" gives d+c=50d + c = 50. The system is:

{d=c+26d+c=50\left\{\begin{array}{l} d = c + 26 \\ d + c = 50 \end{array}\right.

  1. Solve using substitution. Because the first equation is already solved for dd, substitute c+26c + 26 for dd in the second equation:

c+26+c=50c + 26 + c = 50

Combine like terms: 2c+26=502c + 26 = 50. Subtract 26 from both sides: 2c=242c = 24. Divide both sides by 2: c=12c = 12.

Substitute c=12c = 12 into the first equation:

d=12+26=38d = 12 + 26 = 38

  1. Check: Is Devon's age 26 more than Cooper's? 3812=2638 - 12 = 26 ✓. Is the sum of their ages 50? 38+12=5038 + 12 = 50 ✓.
  2. Answer: Devon is 38 and Cooper is 12 years old.

This example applies the systems approach to an age problem — a common real-world context where one person's age is described relative to another's. The phrase "is 26 years older than" translates directly into an equation already solved for one variable (d=c+26d = c + 26), making substitution a natural choice. The structure mirrors abstract number problems — one equation for a sum and one for a relationship between the unknowns — but uses a concrete, relatable scenario involving ages.

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Updated 2026-04-21

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