Token Economy
A token economy is a behavior management system where individuals earn tokens for desirable behaviors. These tokens act as secondary reinforcers and can be exchanged for various rewards or privileges. This system is highly effective for modifying behavior in diverse settings, including schools, prisons, and mental health facilities. Research confirms that token economies can significantly increase appropriate social behaviors and improve academic achievement across a wide range of age groups and abilities.
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Token Economy
Classical Conditioning in Behavior Therapy
A therapist is treating a client with an intense fear of flying. The therapist first teaches the client deep relaxation exercises. They then work together to create a ranked list of anxiety-inducing situations, from looking at a picture of a plane to taking a long flight. The client is guided to practice their relaxation exercises while imagining each step on the list, only moving to the next step once they can remain calm. Which specific therapeutic technique does this process describe?
Token Economy
A classroom teacher implements a system where students receive a paper coupon for every homework assignment they turn in on time. After collecting five coupons, a student can trade them in for 15 minutes of free time on a tablet. Why are the paper coupons effective in encouraging students to complete their homework?
Token Economy
Behavior Modification Strategy
Learn After
Example of a Token Economy in a Classroom
Example of a Token Economy in a Psychiatric Hospital
A therapist is designing a behavior management plan for a group of children. The goal is to use an intermediate, symbolic reward that the children can accumulate for specific positive actions and later trade for a variety of more significant rewards or privileges. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates this specific type of system?
A new manager at a residential facility for adults with developmental disabilities wants to encourage residents to keep their personal spaces tidy. The manager introduces a system where residents receive a blue chip each day their room is clean. At the end of the week, residents can trade these chips in. However, after a month, the manager observes no improvement in room cleanliness. Which of the following is the most likely reason the system is failing?
Efficacy of Token Economies (Adibsereshki & Abkenar, 2014)
Sticker Charts as a Token Economy