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Watson's Core Principles of Behaviorism
John B. Watson's approach to behaviorism was founded on the principle that psychology should be an objective science focused exclusively on measurable, observable behavior. He proposed that all behavior could be understood as a simple stimulus-response reaction, deliberately ignoring internal mental processes. Watson argued that concepts like consciousness were unscientific because they could not be directly seen or measured, and that a legitimate psychological science must limit its study to outward actions.
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Watson's Core Principles of Behaviorism
A psychologist is studying why a specific student consistently fails to complete their homework. The psychologist decides to focus only on observable events in the student's environment, such as the time of day the homework is assigned, the presence of distractions like television, and the tangible rewards or punishments the student receives from their parents for completion or non-completion. This approach deliberately avoids speculating about the student's internal feelings of motivation, their thought processes, or their unconscious desires. Which of the following principles is best illustrated by the psychologist's methodology?
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Focuses of Behaviorism
A psychologist is investigating why a child consistently cries when presented with a loud noise. The psychologist adheres strictly to the principle that psychology must be an objective science, focusing only on observable, measurable events and viewing behavior as a direct reaction to the environment. Which of the following conclusions is the only one this psychologist would consider scientifically valid?