- "How to Create a Mind" by Ray Kurzweil
- Learning Together: Exploring Group Interactions Online
- Learning Sciences on Wikipedia
- Technology use, self-directed learning, student engagement and academic performance: Examining the interrelations
- texSketch: Active Diagramming through Pen-and-Ink Annotations
- "Why Do We Still Lecture?" by Joseph DiPiro
- "Learning as Biological Brain Change" by Leamnson, R. (2000).
- "Points of View: Lectures: Can't Learn with Them, Can't Learn without Them" by Lodish, Harvey F, & Rodriguez, Roberto K. (2004). 
- "Effectiveness of Integrating MOOCs in Traditional Classrooms for Undergraduate Students" by Israel M. J. (2015)
- Comparison of Rewatching Class Recordings versus Retrieval Practice as
Post-Lecture Learning Strategies
- "Better Than Expected: Using Learning Analytics to Promote Student Success in Gateway Science" by Mary C. Wright, Timothy McKay, Chad Hershock, Kate Miller & Jared Tritz
- Seeking the best blend for deep learning in a flipped classroom – viewing student perceptions through the Community of Inquiry lens (2018)
- "Eye Tracking the Feedback Assigned to Undergraduate Students in a Digital Assessment Game" by Maria Cutumisu, Krystle-Lee Turgeon, Tasbire Saiyera,  Steven Chuong, Lydia Marion González Esparza, Rob MacDonald, and Vasyl Kokhan (2019)
-  "The Matthew effect in empirical data" by Matjazˇ Perc
- "Adaptive Natural-Language Targeting for Student Feedback" by Y. Alex Kolchinski, Sherry Ruan, Dan Schwartz, and Emma Brunskill (2018)
- "The Effect of Choosing Versus Receiving Feedback on College Students' Performance" by Maria Cutumisu and Dan L. Schwartz (2016)
- "Technology matters – the impact of transactional distance on satisfaction in online distance learning." by Weidlich, J., & Bastiaens, T. J. (2018)
- "Sharing instructors experience of learning management system: A technology perspective of user satisfaction in distance learning course" by Almarashdeh, I. (2016)
- "Distance Learning." by Bertel J.M., Pate C.M. (2010)
- "Increasing Reading Comprehension and Engagement Through
Concept-Oriented Reading Instruction" By John T. Guthrie, Allan Wigfield, Pedro Barbosa, Kathleen C. Perencevich, Ana Taboada, Marcia H. Davis,
Nicole T. Scafiddi, and Stephen Tonks (2004)
- "How Do Our Students Learn? An Outline of a Cognitive Psychological Model for Information Literacy Instruction" By Dani B. Cook and Kevin M. Klipfel (2015)
- "Improving online social presence through asynchronous video" by Jered Borup, Charles R. Graham, and Richard E. West (2012)
- "Evaluation of Evidence-Based Practices in Online Learning: A Meta-Analysis and Review of Online Learning Studies" By Barbara Means, Yukie Toyama, Robert Murphy, Marianne Bakia, and Karla Jones (2009)
- "Attempts, Successes, and Failures of Distance Learning in the Time of COVID-19" by Nicolas Dietrich, Kalyani Kentheswaran, and Aras Ahmadi (et al)
- "Making a First Impression: Exploring What Instructors Do and Say on the First Day of Introductory STEM Courses" by A. Kelly Lane, Ciara L. Meaders, J. Kenny Shuman, MacKenzie R. Stetzer, Erin L. Vinson, Brian A. Couch, Michelle K. Smith, and Marilyne Stains (2020)

Learning Science References

- Cognitive theory of drawing construction
- Learning by conceptual level
- Expectancy-valence theory
- Self-determination Theory (SDT)
- Modes of learning
- Efficacy of Traditional Teaching Methods
- Constructivism
- Engagement
- Learning Analytics (LA)
- Community of Inquiry Framework (CoI)
- Achievement Gap in Education
- Desirable difficulties

Focuses of Learning Science

Learning science an interdisciplinary field that works to further our understanding of learning as well as to engage in the design and implementation of learning innovations. Contributing fields include cognitive science, computer science, educational psychology, anthropology, and applied linguistics. 

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

University of California, Davis

San Jose State University

- Electronic commerce
- Enterprise computing
- Physical sciences and engineering
- Life and medical sciences
- Law, social and behavioral sciences
- Computer forensics
- Arts and humanities
- Computers in other domains
- Operations research
- Learning Science
- Document management and text processing

Applied computing in ACM Computing Classification

Cognitive psychology is an area of psychology that focuses on studying cognitions, or thoughts, and their relationship to our experiences and actions. Like biological psychology, it is broad in scope and often involves interdisciplinary collaborations to study mental processes such as:  - attention - language - memory - perception - problem-solving - creativity - thought - decision-making - processing - knowledge - learning

It also includes the study of computer-based cognitive models such as connectionism (parallel distributed processing). Fields that draw from cognitive psychology include learning science and developmental psychology.

Cognitive Psychology

This theory examines and critiques societies and cultures and looks at social issues and structures that lead to inequality. It identifies the people who can suppress this inequality and outlines the steps needed to reach human liberation. 

Critical Theory

- Intelligence
- Cognitive Development
- Motivation
- Self-Regulation
- Self-Concept
- Study Habits
- Student Diversity
- Learning Science
- Learning Disabilities
- Physical Development
- Memory
- Knowledge
- Levels of Education
- Academic Anxiety
- Academic Goals & Achievement 

Focuses of Educational Psychology

Wikipedia

Learning Science

The flow of ideas and associations that can lead to conclusions or actions

Thought

Choosing a belief, action or object out of a set of alternative options.

Decision-Making

The process of consciously focusing on specific stimuli. Attention is a limited resource, but automatic processing allows us to use our limited attention on other stimuli while performing an automatic task.

Attention

Information and knowledge encoded into the brain to be retrieved 

Memory

Perception is the complex psychological process of organizing, interpreting, and consciously experiencing sensory information. It involves making sense of the raw data detected by sensory receptors, actively shaping our conscious experience based on focused attention, past experiences, and cultural background.

Perception

Creativity is the ability to generate, create, or discover new ideas, solutions, and possibilities.

Creativity

- Structuralism
- Behaviorism 
- Cognitive revolution

Early schools of thought/movements in Psychology (leading up to cognitive psychology)

Contributing fields to cognitive psychology

Contains Sources Relevant to Cognitive Psychology:
- Sources From Books
- Sources from Journals
- Sources from Websites
- Journals from Organizations 

References for Cognitive Psychology

Processing (cognitive)

Understanding or awareness of something or the sum total of one's understanding/awareness of all things.

Knowledge

An approach to computer-based cognitive model in which concepts are represented by distributed activity across a network.

Connectionism (parallel distributed processing (PDP))

Problem solving is a fundamental cognitive process people engage in daily to find solutions for challenges they encounter. These challenges can range from straightforward tasks, such as doubling a recipe, to more complex situations, like handling an unexpected equipment failure under a tight deadline. A more formal definition states that "problem solving consists of using generic or ad hoc methods in an orderly manner to find solutions to problems."

Problem Solving

The psychological and neurobiological operations by which information is processed, to build knowledge and understanding that supports decision making.

Cognition

Cognitive psychology helps designers to overcome psychological barriers and create products that are more intuitive for the products to be more readable, accessible, easy to navigate and allowing for users to use products more intuitively. 

UX Research and Cognitive Psychology

It is something that accompanies a mechanism but is not actually part of that mechanism. Looking at that something will not tell us anything about what is going on in the "mechanism". Examples include:
- Experiences of mental imagery

Epiphenomenon

Which of the following best describes the focus of cognitive psychology?

Which of the following is an example of a mental process studied in cognitive psychology?

Which of the following fields draws from cognitive psychology to understand how people learn?

Which of the following concepts is central to cognitive psychology?

Language is a formal system of communication that is structured by a set of rules, known as grammar, and utilizes a vocabulary of words, referred to as a lexicon.

Language

A cognitive psychologist is a psychologist who studies thinking and explores questions related to mental processes. They investigate topics such as how people determine the best way to solve problems, how individuals develop an understanding of concepts without direct physical experience (for example, understanding snow without ever seeing or touching it), and how young children acquire language without formal instruction.

Cognitive Psychologist

Cognitive psychologists investigate a wide array of subjects to better understand human mental processes. Specific areas of study include determining and measuring different types of intelligence, analyzing why individuals vary in their problem-solving abilities, and evaluating how emotional intelligence influences success in the workplace. Additionally, researchers explore how individuals organize information gathered from their environments into meaningful categories of thought.

Research Topics in Cognitive Psychology

The process of listening and considering ideas from as many perspectives as possible to reason a conclusion and inform an strategic academic plan. 

Critical Inquiry Theory in Education

Critical Race Theory is an interdisciplinary movement made up of activists and scholars working to understand and change the relationships between race, racism, and power. 

Critical Race Theory (CRT)

Queer theory is a field of critical theory that can include different meanings, but most broadly referes to a lens that centers the abnormal (the queer) in order to demonstrate the socially constructed boundaries of the normal. 

Queer theory

Critical Practices in Literature 

Cultural Studies analyze the political dynamics of contemporary culture, such as "pop culture" and its historical basis. Cultural studies researchers review how cultural practices connect to wider systems of power associated with or operating through, social phenomena, including ideology, class structures, national formations, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, and generation.

Cultural Studies

A major critique of the current disability studies discipline relates to its essentialist and binary approach to understanding disability and the subjective disability experience. 

Disability Studies and Intersectionality


The critical perspective emerged in the 1970's with roots in Black Feminism. 

History of Critical Perspective in Disabillity Studies

Black feminist thought understands race to play a role in whether society labels an individual as a woman. Thus, the term intersectionality was coined in 1989 to explain how power and status contribute to social organization and understanding. 


19th Century Black Feminist History Influenced the Inception of Intersectionality 

Intersectionality examines the experiences of people who are experiencing discrimination on the basis of two or more marginalized identities at the same time, and how this differs from experiencing discrimnination on the basis of these identities individually.  Because of this depending on context, we all have areas where we experience privilege, as well as areas of oppression

For example, the stereotypes or preconceived notions held about black women are not merely a combination of those held about black people and those held about women, but a unique intersection of racism and sexism that black women experience differently from either black men or white women.

Intersectionality

Disability studies resaerch often neglects the presence of an individual's identity which can have major influence over their subjective reality and reinforces oppressive systems. 

Critical Perspective of Disability Studies

Intelligence is a complex cognitive characteristic involving the capacity to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. It enables individuals to reason, solve problems, plan, and adapt to new situations using logic, understanding, and creativity. Numerous theories have been developed to explain its nature, such as Sternberg's triarchic theory and Gardner's proposal that intelligence comprises multiple factors. Other perspectives also emphasize the significance of emotional intelligence.

Intelligence

A person's own perception or evaluation of themselves, includes feelings, attitudes, behaviors, desires, and judgements that one considers to be characteristic of themselves.

Self-Concept

Motivation

How personality affects an individual's behavior in an educational setting, thereby influencing their learning experience.

Personality Psychology in Education

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders that impact specific areas of cognition, such as language or reading. They are classified as specific neurological impairments, distinguishing them from global intellectual or developmental disabilities. A key characteristic is that they often affect individuals with average to above-average intelligence, meaning the disability is confined to a particular cognitive area and is not an indicator of overall intellectual capability.

Learning Disabilities

The levels of education indicate how rigorous a curriculum is. Students start at the lower levels and move up as they graduate from each level.
- Higher level
- Secondary level 
- Basic education

Levels of education

Being able to control your time, schedule, behaviors and to adapt to situations in order to obtain a personal goal.

Self-Regulation

The demographics of a group of students. The more varried the demographics are, the more diverse the group is.

Student Diversity

Cognitive development refers to the changes in an individual's mental processes. This domain includes the development of learning, attention, memory, language abilities, thinking, reasoning skills, and creativity.

Cognitive Development

A person's overall subjective evaluation on their worth, and how they feel about the evaluation. Those with high self esteem tend to feel hopeful, and those with low self esteem tend to feel hopeless and withdraw. Typically either a positive or negative evaluation of traits, abilities, etc.

Self-Esteem

Physical development is the sense of students’ health needs related to their age or maturity and the foundation of many academic tasks. 

* For Example:
- Successfully manipulate a pencil
- How long they can sit still without discomfort

Physical Development in Students

 “The acquisition of knowledge and skill through active help and support among status equals or matched companions”

Peer Learning

The learner’s dictionary defines study as “ the mental effort to obtain knowledge.” This means that studying is essentially the “art of learning” which can help the individual not just obtain information but also the habit and skill to study. Habit on the other hand is defined as “ a pattern of activity which through repetition, has been learned to the point that it has become automatic and can be carried on with a minimum of conscious effect.”


Study Habits

Academic Anxiety is the feelings of concern, worry, and dread associated with academic settings and tasks. Assignments, tests, exams, subjects, and societal pressures (parents, peers, instructors, etc.) are all factors in academic anxiety. There will usually be noticeably high areas of concern in the following areas: physiological, cognitive, behavioral, and (occasionally) social. 

Academic Anxiety 

Academic goals are aspirations applicable to the advancement of your education. They involve the knowledge you acquire and the projects you complete as a student.

Learn Before

Related

Learn After