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روضهٔ هشتم / The Eighth Garden of Baharestan (Fables of Beasts and Birds)

The Eighth Garden (روضهٔ هشتم)

Jami's Baharestan is arranged as eight rowze (gardens). The eighth and final garden departs from the earlier ones, which collect sayings of saints, sages, poets, and wits, and is instead devoted to short fables in which animals speak and act. In the manner of Kalila wa Dimna, its beast-tales — foxes, wolves, bulls, dogs, hyenas, roosters — each turn on a prudential or ethical lesson about cunning, greed, restraint, and self-preservation.

This garden is the immediate literary container for the individually numbered sections (e.g. Section 21, the fox and the hyena; Section 22, the jackal and the rooster). Learners should approach any single fable through this chapter, which supplies the shared frame, register, and didactic purpose that the isolated sections otherwise assume.

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Updated 2026-07-20

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course