1Cademy - دفتر سوم - بخش ۵۷ - بیان آنک علم را دو پرست و گمان را یک پرست ناقص آمد ظن به پرواز ابترست مثال ظن و یقین در علم / Book Three - Section 57 - In Explanation That Knowledge Has Two Wings and Conjecture Has One Wing; Surmise Is Deficient and Its Flight Is Curtailed; The Example of Conjecture and Certainty in Knowledge

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مثنوی معنوی: دفتر سوم / Masnavi: Book Three

Poem

دفتر سوم - بخش ۵۷ - بیان آنک علم را دو پرست و گمان را یک پرست ناقص آمد ظن به پرواز ابترست مثال ظن و یقین در علم / Book Three - Section 57 - In Explanation That Knowledge Has Two Wings and Conjecture Has One Wing; Surmise Is Deficient and Its Flight Is Curtailed; The Example of Conjecture and Certainty in Knowledge

Original content

علم را دو پر، گمان را یک پرست
ناقص آمد ظن به پرواز ابترست

مرغ یک پر زود افتد سرنگون
باز بر پرد دو گامی یا فزون

افت خیزان می رود مرغ گمان
با یکی پر بر امید آشیان

چون ز ظن وا رست علمش رو نمود
شد دو پر آن مرغ یک پر پر گشود

بعد از آن یمشی سویا مستقیم
نه علی وجهه مکبا او سقیم

با دو پر بر می پرد چون جبرئیل
بی گمان و بی مگر بی قال و قیل

گر همه عالم بگویندش توی
بر ره یزدان و دین مستوی

او نگردد گرم تر از گفتشان
جان طاق او نگردد جفتشان

ور همه گویند او را گم رهی
کوه پنداری و تو برگ کهی

او نیفتد در گمان از طعنشان
او نگردد دردمند از ظعنشان

بلک گر دریا و کوه آید به گفت
گویدش با گم رهی گشتی تو جفت

هیچ یک ذره نیفتد در خیال
یا به طعن طاعنان رنجورحال

English translation

Knowledge (ʿilm) has two wings; conjecture (gumān) has one — Surmise (ẓann) is deficient; its flight is curtailed (abtar). The one-winged bird soon falls headlong, Then flies up again two paces or a little more. The bird of conjecture goes stumbling and rising, On one wing, toward the hope of its nest. When freed from conjecture, its knowledge reveals itself; That one-winged bird becomes two-winged, its wings spread open. After that, it walks upright, straight (sawiyyan mustaqīman), Not fallen upon its face (mukkibban) — it is not sick. With two wings it soars like Jibrīl, Without conjecture, without "perhaps," without qāl and qīl. If all the world should say to it: "You are On the path of God and the upright religion" — It does not grow warmer from their words; Its solitary soul is not paired with theirs. And if all say: "You have gone astray — We thought you a mountain, but you are a withered leaf" — It does not fall into conjecture from their taunts, Nor does it become pained by their reproach. Indeed, even if sea and mountain came to speak And told it: "You have become a companion of error" — Not a single atom would fall into vain imagination, Nor become afflicted in state by the taunts of the taunt-givers.

Updated 2026-06-30

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