1Cademy - بخش ۲۱ - ۲۱ ابوعبداللّه احمدبن حنبل، رضی اللّه عنه / Section 21 - 21 Abu Abdullah Ahmad ibn Hanbal, May Allah Be Pleased with Him

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بخش ۲۱ - ۲۱ ابوعبداللّه احمدبن حنبل، رضی اللّه عنه / Section 21 - 21 Abu Abdullah Ahmad ibn Hanbal, May Allah Be Pleased with Him

Original content

و منهم: شیخ سنت و قاهر اهل بدعت، ابوعبدالله احمدبن حنبل، رضی الله عنه
مخصوص بود به ورع و تقوی، و حافظ حدیث پیغمبر بود، علیه السلام. و این طبقه بجمله از فریقین وی را مبارک داشته اند و صحبت مشایخ بزرگ دریافته بود، چون ذوالنون مصری و بشر حافی و سری سقطی و معروف کرخی و مانند ایشان، رضی الله عنهم.

و ظاهر الکرامات و صحیح الفراسات بود و اینچه امروز بعضی از مشبهه تعلق بدو کنند آن بر وی افتراست و موضوع و وی از آن جمله بری است.
و وی را اعتقادی است اندر اصول دین پسندیدهٔ علما و چون به بغداد معتزله غلبه کردند گفتند وی راتکلیف باید کرد تا قرآن را مخلوق گوید. پیرو ضعیف بود. دستهاش بر عقابین کشیدند و هزار تازیانه بزدندش که: «قرآن را مخلوق گوی.» نگفت و اندر آن میانه بند ازارش بگشاد و دستهاش بسته بود. دو دست دیگر پدیدار آمد و ازار ببست. چون این برهان بدیدند بگذاشتندش. و هم اندر آن جراحت فرمان یافت.

و اندر آخر عهد وی قومی به نزدیک وی آمدند و گفتند: «چه گویی اندر این قوم که تو را بزدند؟» گفت: «چه گویم؟ از برای خدای زدند. پنداشتند که من بر باطلم. اگر ایشان بر حق اند به مجرد زخم من به قیامت با ایشان خصمی نکنم.»
و وی را کلام است عالی اندر معاملت، و هرکه ازوی مسألتی پرسیدی، اگر معاملتی بودی، جواب گفتی و اگر حقیقتی، حواله به بشر حافی کردی؛ چنان که روزی یکی بیامد و گفت: «ما الإخلاص؟ قال: «الخلاص من آفات الأعمال.» :«اخلاص چیست؟» گفت: «اخلاص آن است که از آفات اعمال خلاص یابی؛ یعنی: عملت بی ریا و سمعه شود.» گفت: «ما التوکل؟» قال: «الثقة بالله.» :«توکل چیست؟» گفت: «باور و استوار داشت خدای اندر روزی خود.»

گفت: «ما الرضا؟» قال: «تسلیم الأمور إلی الله.» :«رضا چیست؟» گفت:«آن که کارهای خود به خداوند تعالی سپاری.»
گفت: «ما المحبة؟» :«محبت چیست؟» گفت: «این از بشر حافی پرس؛ که تا وی زنده است من جواب این نکنم.»

و احمد بن حنبل رحمة الله علیه اندر همه احوال ممتحن بود در حال حیات از طعن معتزله، و در حال ممات ازتهمت های مشبهه؛ تا حدی که اهل سنت و جماعت آنان که بر حال وی واقف نگشته اند وی را تهمت کنند و وی از آن بری است. و الله اعلم.

English translation

And among them: the master of the Sunna and vanquisher of the people of innovation, Abu Abdullah Ahmad ibn Hanbal, may Allah be pleased with him.

He was distinguished by scrupulousness (wara') and piety (taqwa), and he was a preserver of the Hadith of the Prophet, peace be upon him. This entire class of the two parties (jurists and Sufis) has held him blessed, and he had attained the companionship of the great masters, such as Dhu'l-Nun al-Misri, Bishr al-Hafi, Sari al-Saqati, Ma'ruf al-Karkhi, and the like of them, may Allah be pleased with them.

He was manifest in miracles (karamat) and sound in spiritual discernment (firasat). As for what some of the anthropomorphists (mushabbiha) today attribute to him, that is a slander against him and a fabrication, and he is innocent of all of that.

He held a creed regarding the fundamentals of religion that was approved by the scholars. When the Mu'tazilites gained dominance in Baghdad, they said that he must be compelled to say that the Qur'an is created. He was a weak old man. They stretched his arms upon the whipping-posts and struck him a thousand lashes, saying: 'Say the Qur'an is created.' He would not say it. In the midst of that, the cord of his loincloth came loose while his hands were bound. Two other hands appeared and fastened the loincloth. When they saw this proof (miracle), they let him go. And in that very wound he received the divine decree (died).

At the end of his life, a group came to him and said: 'What do you say concerning these people who beat you?' He said: 'What should I say? They beat me for the sake of God. They supposed that I was upon falsehood. If they are upon the truth, I will not, on account of a mere wound, dispute with them on the Day of Resurrection.'

He has lofty sayings concerning spiritual practice (mu'amalat). Whoever asked him a question, if it concerned practice he would answer it, but if it concerned spiritual reality (haqiqat) he would refer it to Bishr al-Hafi. Thus one day someone came and asked: 'What is sincerity (ikhlas)?' He said: 'It is deliverance (khalas) from the blemishes of deeds' — meaning: sincerity is that you be delivered from the blemishes of deeds; that is, that your deed be free of ostentation and seeking of reputation. He asked: 'What is trust in God (tawakkul)?' He said: 'Confidence in God' — meaning belief and firm reliance upon God concerning one's provision. He asked: 'What is contentment (rida)?' He said: 'Surrendering affairs to God' — meaning that you entrust your affairs to God Most High. He asked: 'What is love (mahabba)?' He said: 'Ask this of Bishr al-Hafi; for as long as he is alive I will not answer this.'

And Ahmad ibn Hanbal, may the mercy of Allah be upon him, was tried in all his states: in life by the reproach of the Mu'tazilites, and in death by the accusations of the anthropomorphists — to such a degree that those of the People of the Sunna and the community who are unaware of his true state accuse him, while he is innocent of that. And God knows best.

Updated 2026-07-20

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