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بخش ۲ - ۲ مالک بن دینار، رضی اللّه عنه / Section 2 - 2 Malik ibn Dinar, May Allah Be Pleased with Him

Original content

و منهم: بقیهٔ اهل انس و زین جمله جن و انس، مالک بن دینار، رضی الله عنه
صاحب حسن بصری بود و از بزرگان این طریقت. وی را کرامات بسیار مشهور است و اندر ریاضت، خصال مذکور. و دینار بنده بوده است، و مولود وی اندر حال عبودیت پدر بود.

و ابتدای حالت وی آن بود که شبی که صبح دولت الهی شعله ای از انوار خود بر جان مالک دینار نثار خواست کرد، وی آن شب در میان گروهی حریفان به طرب مشغول بود. چون جمله بخفتند، حق جل جلاله بختش بیدار گردانید؛ تا از میان رودی که می زدی این چنین آوازی برآمد که: «یا مالک، مالک أن لاتتوب؟ یا مالک، تو را چه بوده است که توبه می نکنی؟» دست از آن جمله بداشت و به نزدیک حسن آمد و اندر توبه قدمی درست کرد و منزلتش به جایی رسید که وقتی در کشتی نشسته بود. جوهری اندر کشتی غایب شد. وی مجهول تر همه قوم می نمود. وی را به بردن آن تهمت کردند. سر سوی آسمان کرد، اندر ساعت هر چه اندر دریا ماهی بود همه بر سر آب آمدند و هر یک جوهری اندر دهان گرفته از آن جمله یکی بستد و بدان مرد داد و خود قدم بر سر آب نهاد و بر روی آب خوشی برفت تا به ساحل بیرون شد.
و از وی می آید که گفت: «أحب الأعمال إلی الإخلاص فی الاعمال.» دوست ترین کردارها بر من اخلاص است اندر کردارها؛ از آن چه عمل به اخلاص عمل گردد و اخلاص مر عمل را به درجهٔ روح بود مر جسد را؛ چنان که جسد بی روح جمادی بود، عمل بی اخلاص هبایی بود. اما اخلاص از جملهٔ اعمال باطن است و طاعات از اعمال ظاهر، و اعمال ظاهر با اعمال باطن تمام شود و اعمال باطن به اعمال ظاهر قیمت گیرد؛ چنان که اگر کسی هزار سال به دل مخلص بود تا عمل به اخلاص نکند اخلاص نباشد و اگر کسی به ظاهر هزار سال عملی می آرد تا اخلاص به عمل وی نپیوندد آن عمل وی عمل نگردد.

English translation

And among them: the remnant of the people of intimacy and the adornment of the whole company of jinn and mankind, Malik ibn Dinar, may Allah be pleased with him.

He was a companion of Hasan al-Basri and among the great ones of this path. Many miracles are famously reported of him, and in ascetic discipline he had renowned qualities. Dinar had been a slave, and Malik's birth occurred while his father was in bondage.

The beginning of his spiritual state was this: on the night when the dawn of divine fortune wished to scatter a flame of its lights upon the soul of Malik Dinar, that night he was busy with revelry among a group of drinking companions. When they had all fallen asleep, Allah — majestic is His majesty — awakened his fortune, so that from amidst the lute that was being played such a voice arose: 'O Malik, malik an la tatub? O Malik, what has come over you that you do not repent?' He withdrew his hand from all that and came to Hasan and set a firm step upon repentance, and his rank reached such a station that once he was seated in a boat. A jewel went missing in the boat. He seemed the most suspect of all the company, and they accused him of taking it. He raised his head toward heaven, and in that instant every fish that was in the sea all rose to the surface of the water, each holding a jewel in its mouth; he took one of them and gave it to that man, then set his foot upon the surface of the water and walked pleasantly upon the water until he came out onto the shore.

And it is related from him that he said: 'The most beloved of deeds to me is sincerity (ikhlas) in deeds.' The dearest of deeds to me is sincerity in deeds; for a deed becomes a true deed through sincerity, and sincerity is to a deed as the soul is to the body; just as a body without a soul is inanimate matter, so a deed without sincerity is scattered dust. But sincerity is among the inner deeds, and acts of obedience are among the outer deeds, and outer deeds are completed by inner deeds, and inner deeds acquire their value through outer deeds; so that if someone were sincere in heart for a thousand years, unless he performs a deed with sincerity there is no sincerity, and if someone outwardly performs a deed for a thousand years, unless sincerity is joined to his deed, that deed of his does not become a true deed.

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Updated 2026-07-20

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course

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