1Cademy - بخش ۲۰ - ۲۰ ابوعبداللّه محمدبن ادریس الشّافعی، رضی اللّه عنه / Section 20 - 20 Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafii, May Allah Be Pleased with Him

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کشف المحجوب / Kashf al-Mahjub

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بخش ۲۰ - ۲۰ ابوعبداللّه محمدبن ادریس الشّافعی، رضی اللّه عنه / Section 20 - 20 Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i, May Allah Be Pleased with Him

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و منهم: امام مطلبی، و ابن عم نبی، ابوعبدالله محمد بن ادریس الشافعی، رضی الله عنه
از بزرگان وقت بود واندر جملهٔ علوم امام. معروف بود به فتوت و ورع. و وی را مناقب بسیار و مشهور است و کلام عالی.

شاگرد امام مالک بود تا به مدینه بود. چون به عراق آمد به محمدبن الحسن اختلاف ساخت، رضی الله عنه.
و پیوسته اندر طبعش ارادت عزلتی می بود و طلب می کرد تحقیق این طریق را، تا گروهی بر وی مجتمع شدند و اقتدا بر او کردند احمدبن حنبل از ایشان بود. آنگاه به طلب جاه و برزش امامت مشغول شد و از آن بازماند، و اندر همه احوال محمود الخصال بود.

و اندر ابتدای احوال از متصوفه اندر دلش خشونتی می بود تا سلیم راعی را بدید و بدو تقرب کرد. از بعد آن، هر کجا رفتی طلب کنندهٔ حقیقتی بودی.
از وی می آید که گفت: «إذا رأیت العالم یشتغل بالرخص فلیس یجیء منه شیء.» چون عالم را بینی که رخص و تأویلات مشغول گردد، بدان که از وی هیچ نیاید؛ یعنی علما پیشگاه همه خلایق اند، روا نباشد که کسی قدم پیش از ایشان نهد اندر هیچ معنی و راه حق جز به احتیاط و مبالغت اندر مجاهدت نتوان رفت و رخص طلب کردن کار کسی باشد که ازمجاهدت بگریزد و خواهد که خود را تخفیف اختیار کند. پس رخص طلب کردن درجت عوام باشد تا از دایرهٔ شریعت بیرون نیفتد و مجاهدت برزیدن درجت خواص تا ثمرت آن در سر بیابند، و علما خواص اند. چون خاص را به درجت عام رضا بود ازوی هیچ نیاید و نیز رخص طلبکردن سبک داشت فرمان بود، و علما دوستان حق تعالی اند و دوست مر فرمان دوست را سبک ندارد و ادنا درجت آن اختیار نکند، بلکه در آن احتیاط کند.

یکی از مشایخ روایت کند که: شبی پیغمبر را علیه السلام به خواب دیدم. گفتمش: «یارسول الله، از تو به من روایت رسید که خدای را عز و جل اوتاد و اولیااند.» گفت: «راوی از من به تو این خبر راست رسانید.» گفتم: «یا رسول الله، می بایدم تا یکی از ایشان ببینم.» گفت: «محمد بن ادریس یکی از ایشان است.» و وی را به جز این بسیار مناقب هست.

English translation

And among them: the Muttalibi imam, and the cousin of the Prophet, Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i, may Allah be pleased with him. He was one of the great men of his age and an imam in all the sciences. He was renowned for chivalry (futuwwat) and piety (wara'). His virtues are many and famous, and his speech was exalted. He was the pupil of Imam Malik while he was in Medina. When he came to Iraq, he differed (in juristic debate) with Muhammad ibn al-Hasan, may Allah be pleased with him. And continually there was in his nature a desire for seclusion, and he sought the verification of this Path, until a group gathered around him and followed his leadership; Ahmad ibn Hanbal was among them. Then he became occupied with seeking rank and the position of the imamate and was held back from that (seclusion), yet in all his states he was of praiseworthy qualities. And in the beginning of his states there was in his heart a certain harshness toward the Sufis, until he saw Salim al-Ra'i and drew near to him. After that, wherever he went he was a seeker of truth (reality). It is related from him that he said: 'When you see the scholar occupying himself with dispensations (rukhas), nothing will come from him.' That is: when you see a scholar becoming occupied with dispensations and (lenient) interpretations, know that nothing will come from him; meaning that the scholars are at the forefront of all creatures, and it is not permissible for anyone to set his foot ahead of them in any matter, and the path of truth cannot be traveled except by caution and by striving hard in spiritual struggle (mujahadat). Seeking dispensations is the affair of one who flees from spiritual struggle and wishes to choose ease for himself. So seeking dispensations is the rank of the common people, that they may not fall outside the circle of the sacred law (shari'at), while practicing spiritual struggle is the rank of the elect, that they may find its fruit in secret; and the scholars are among the elect. When one of the elect is content with the rank of the common people, nothing will come from him. And also, seeking dispensations is a taking-lightly of the (divine) command, and the scholars are the friends of God the Exalted, and a friend does not take the command of his Friend lightly, nor does he choose its lowest degree; rather he acts with caution in it. One of the shaykhs relates: One night I saw the Prophet, peace be upon him, in a dream. I said to him: 'O Messenger of God, a report reached me from you that God, mighty and glorious, has awtad (pillars) and awliya (friends/saints).' He said: 'The transmitter conveyed this report to you truly from me.' I said: 'O Messenger of God, I wish to see one of them.' He said: 'Muhammad ibn Idris is one of them.' And besides this he has many virtues.

Updated 2026-07-20

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