1Cademy - بخش ۴۳ - ۴۳ ابوبکر محمد بن عمر الوراق، رضی اللّه عنه / Section 43 - 43 Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Umar al-Warraq, May Allah Be Pleased with Him

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بخش ۴۳ - ۴۳ ابوبکر محمد بن عمر الوراق، رضی اللّه عنه / Section 43 - 43 Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Umar al-Warraq, May Allah Be Pleased with Him

Original content

و منهم: شرف زهاد امت و مزکی اهل فقر و صفوت، ابوبکر محمدبن عمر الوراق، رضی الله عنه
از بزرگان مشایخ بود و از زهاد ایشان. احمد خضرویه را دیده بود و با محمد بن علی صحبت داشته. وی را کتب است اندر آداب و معاملات و مشایخ رحمهم الله وی را مؤدب الاولیاء خوانده اند.

وی حکایت کندکه: محمد بن علی رضی الله عنهما جز وی چند فرامن داد که: «اندر جیحون انداز.» مرا دل نداد، اندر خانه بنهادم و بیامدم و گفتم: «انداختم.» گفت: «چه دیدی؟» گفتم: «هیچ ندیدم.» گفت: «نینداخته ای، بازگرد و اندر آب انداز.» بازگشتم، و دلم را وسواس آن برهان بگرفت. آن اجزا را اندر آب انداختم. آب به دو پاره شد و صندوقی برآمد سرباز. چون اجزا اندر او افتاد سر فراهم شد. بازآمدم و حکایت کردم. گفتا: «اکنون انداختی.» گفتم: «ایها الشیخ، سر این حدیث چه بود؟ با من بگوی.» گفت: «تصنیفی کرده بودم اندر اصول و تحقیق که فهم، ادراک آن نمی توانست کرد. برادر من خضر علیه السلام از من بخواست. این آب را خداوند تعالی فرمان داده بود تا آن بدو رساند.»
از وی می آید که گفت: «الناس ثلاثة: العلماء، و الفقراء و الامراء؛ فاذا فسد العلماء فسد الطاعة، و إذا فسد الفقراء فسد الأخلاق، و إذا فسد الأمراء فسد المعاش.» مردمان سه گروهند: یکی عالمان؛ ودیگر فقیران، و سدیگر امیران. چون امرا تباه شوند معاش خلایق و اکتساب ایشان تباه شود و چون علما تباه شوند طاعت و برزش شریعت بر خلق تباه و شوریده گردد و چون فقرا تباه شوند خوی ها بر خلق تباه شود. پس تباهی امرا و سلاطین به جور باشد واز آن علما به طمع و از آن فقرا به ریا و تا ملوک از علما اعراض نکنند تباه نگردند، و تا علما با ملوک صحبت نکنند تباه نگردند و تا فقرا ریاست یعنی مهتری نطلبند تباه نگردند؛ از آنکه جور ملوک از بی علمی بود، و طمع علما از بی دیانتی و ریای فقرا از بی توکلی. پس ملک بی علم، و عالم بی پرهیز و فقیر بی توکل قرنای شیاطین اند و فساد همه خلق عالم اندر فساد این سه گروه بسته است.

English translation

And among them: the honor of the ascetics of the community and the purifier of the people of poverty and purity, Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Umar al-Warraq, may Allah be pleased with him.

He was among the great shaykhs and among their ascetics. He had seen Ahmad Khadrawayh and had kept company with Muhammad ibn Ali. He has books on manners and spiritual dealings, and the shaykhs, may Allah have mercy on them, called him Mu'addib al-Awliya (the Educator of the Saints).

He relates that: Muhammad ibn Ali, may Allah be pleased with them both, gave him several folios and said: 'Cast them into the Oxus (Jayhun).' My heart did not consent, so I set them down in the house and came back and said: 'I have cast them.' He said: 'What did you see?' I said: 'I saw nothing.' He said: 'You have not cast them; go back and throw them into the water.' I returned, and the doubt over that proof took hold of my heart. I cast those folios into the water. The water split into two parts and a chest rose up with its lid open. When the folios fell into it, its lid closed shut. I came back and recounted this. He said: 'Now you have cast them.' I said: 'O Shaykh, what was the secret of this matter? Tell me.' He said: 'I had composed a work on the principles and verification (tahqiq) that understanding could not comprehend. My brother Khidr, peace be upon him, requested it from me. God Most High had commanded this water to convey it to him.'

From him comes that he said: 'People are three: the scholars, the poor (the Sufis), and the rulers. When the scholars are corrupted, obedience is corrupted; when the poor are corrupted, morals are corrupted; and when the rulers are corrupted, livelihood is corrupted.' People are three groups: one, the scholars; another, the poor; and a third, the rulers. When the rulers are corrupted, the livelihood of the people and their earning is corrupted; when the scholars are corrupted, obedience and the practice of the sacred law become corrupted and disordered among the people; and when the poor are corrupted, dispositions become corrupted among the people. So the corruption of rulers and sultans is through injustice, that of the scholars through greed, and that of the poor through hypocrisy (ostentation). As long as kings do not turn away from the scholars they are not corrupted, as long as the scholars do not keep company with kings they are not corrupted, and as long as the poor do not seek leadership, that is, mastery, they are not corrupted; for the injustice of kings comes from lack of knowledge, the greed of scholars from lack of piety, and the hypocrisy of the poor from lack of trust in God. Thus a king without knowledge, a scholar without abstinence, and a poor man without trust in God are the consorts of devils, and the corruption of all the people of the world is bound up in the corruption of these three groups.

Updated 2026-07-20

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