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بخش ۱۴ - ۱۴ ابوسلیمان داود بن نُصَیر الطّائی، رضی اللّه عنه / Section 14 - 14 Abu Sulayman Dawud ibn Nusayr al-Ta'i, May Allah Be Pleased with Him

Original content

و منهم: امام معرض از حلق و از طلب ریاست و بریده از خلق به عزلت و قناعت، ابوسلیمان داود بن نصیر الطائی، رضی الله عنه
از کبرای مشایخ و سادات اهل تصوف بود و اندر زمانهٔ خود بی نظیر. شاگرد امام اعظم، ابوحنیفه، بود، رضی الله عنهما و از اقران فضیل و ابراهیم ادهم و غیر ایشان بود و اندر این طریقت مرید حبیب راعی، رضی الله عنهم. اندر جملهٔ علوم حظی تمام داشت وبه درجهٔ اعلی بود و اندر فقه فقیه الفقها بود. عزلت اختیار کرد و از طریق ریاست و دنیا اعراض کرد و طریق زهد و تقوی بر دست گرفت و وی را مناقب بسیار است و فضایل مذکور؛ که به معاملات عالم بود و اندر حقایق کامل.

از وی می آید که گفت: «إن اردت السلامة سلم علی الدنیا، وإن أردت الکرامة کبر علی الآخرة.» ای پسر، اگر سلامت خواهی دنیا را وداع غیبت کن و اگر کرامت خواهی بر آخرت چهار تکبیر کن؛ یعنی این هر دو محل حجاب اند و همه فراغت ها اندر این دو چیز بسته است. هرکه خواهد که به تن فارغ شود، گو از دنیا اعراض کن و هر که خواهد که به دل فارغ شود، گو ارادت عقبی از دل بپرداز.
و اندر حکایات مشهور است که پیوسته وی اختلاف با محمد بن الحسن داشتی و ابویوسف را به نزدیک خود نگذاشتی. از وی بپرسیدند که: «این هر دو اندر علم بزرگ اند، چرا یکی را عزیز داری و یکی را پیش خود نگذاری؟» گفت:«از آن چه محمدبن الحسن از سر دنیا و نعمت بسیار به علم آمده است و علم سبب عز دین و ذل دنیای وی است، و ابویوسف از سر ذل و درویشی به علم آمده است و علم را سبب جاه و جمال و عز خود گردانیده. پس محمد نه چون وی باشد.»

و از معروف کرخی رحمةالله علیه روایت کنند که: «هیچ کس ندیدم که دنیا را اندر چشم وی خطر کمتر از آن بود که داود طایی را، که همه دنیا را و اهل او به نزدیک وی به پر پشه ای مقدار نبود و اندر فقرا به چشم کمال نگریستی، اگر چه پر آفت بودندی.»
و وی را مناقب بسیار است و ستوده. والله اعلم.

English translation

And among them: the imam who turned away from creation and from seeking leadership, cut off from people through seclusion and contentment, Abu Sulayman Dawud ibn Nusayr al-Ta'i, may Allah be pleased with him.

He was among the great shaykhs and masters of the Sufis, and unrivaled in his own time. He was a student of the greatest imam, Abu Hanifa, may Allah be pleased with them both, and a peer of Fudayl and Ibrahim Adham and others, and in this path a disciple of Habib al-Ra'i, may Allah be pleased with them all. In all the sciences he had a complete portion and stood at the highest rank, and in jurisprudence he was the jurist of jurists. He chose seclusion and turned away from the path of leadership and worldliness, and took up the way of asceticism and piety. He has many virtues and noted excellences, for he was accomplished in worldly dealings and perfect in the spiritual realities.

It is related from him that he said: 'If you desire safety, bid farewell to the world; and if you desire honor, pronounce the takbir over the afterlife.' O son, if you seek safety, bid a final farewell to the world, and if you seek honor, pronounce the four takbirs over the hereafter; meaning both of these are places of the veil, and all freedom of the self is bound up in these two things. Whoever wishes to be free in body, let him turn away from the world; and whoever wishes to be free in heart, let him empty his heart of desire for the hereafter.

And it is well known in the anecdotes that he constantly kept close company with Muhammad ibn al-Hasan and would not let Abu Yusuf near him. He was asked: 'Both of these are great in knowledge; why do you hold one dear and not let the other near you?' He said: 'Because Muhammad ibn al-Hasan came to knowledge from a state of worldly wealth and abundant blessings, so that knowledge became the cause of the honor of his religion and the abasement of his worldly life; whereas Abu Yusuf came to knowledge from a state of abasement and poverty, and made knowledge the cause of his rank, splendor, and honor. So Muhammad is not like him.'

And it is related from Ma'ruf al-Karkhi, may Allah's mercy be upon him: 'I have seen no one in whose eyes the world had less worth than it had for Dawud al-Ta'i, for the whole world and its people were to him not worth so much as the wing of a gnat; and he looked upon the poor with an eye of perfection, even though they were full of faults.'

He has many virtues and is greatly praised. And Allah knows best.

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Updated 2026-07-20

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course

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