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بخش ۲۵ - ۲۵ ابو زکرّیا یحیی بن مُعاذ الرّازی، رضی اللّه عنه / Section 25 - 25 Abu Zakariyya Yahya ibn Mu'adh al-Razi, May Allah Be Pleased with Him

Original content

و منهم: لسان محبت و وفا، و زین طریقت و ولا، ابوزکریا یحیی بن معاذ الرازی، رضی الله عنه
عالی حال و نیکو سیرت بود و اندر حقیقت رجا به حق تعالی قدمی تمام داشت؛ تا حصری رحمة الله علیه گوید که: «خداوند تعالی را دو یحیی بود: یکی از انبیا و دیگر از اولیا. یحیی بن زکریا علیه السلام طریق خوف چنان سپرد که همه مدعیان به خوف از فلاح خود نومید شدند و یحیی بن معاذ طریق رجا را چنان سپرد که دست همه مدعیان به رجا اندر خاک مالید.» گفتند: «حال یحیی ابن زکریا علیه السلام معلوم است، حال این یحیی چگونه بود؟» گفت: «به من رسیده است که هرگز وی را جاهلیت نبود و و بر وی کبیره ای نرفت و اندر معاملت و برزش آن جدی داشت که کس طاقت وی نداشتی از اصحاب.»

گفتند: «ایها الشیخ، مقامت مقام رجاست و معاملت معاملت خایفان؟» گفت: «بدان ای پسر، که ترک عبودیت ضلالت بود و خوف و رجا دو قایمهٔ ایمان اند، محال باشد که کسی به برزش رکنی از ارکان ایمان به ضلالت افتد. خایف عبادت کند ترس قطیعت را، و راجی امید وصلت را. تا عبادت موجود نباشد نه خوف درست آید نه رجا، و چون عبادت حاصل بود این خوف و رجا، بجمله، عبارتی بود و آن جا که عبادت باید عبارت هیچ سود ندارد.»
وی را تصانیف بسیار است و نکت و اشارت بدیع و نخست کس از مشایخ این طایفه، از پس خلفای راشدین، که بر منبر شد وی بود. و من کلام وی را سخت دوست دارم که اندر طبع رقیق است و اندر سمع لذیذ و اندر اصل دقیق و اندر عبارت مفید.

از وی می آید که گفت: «الدنیا دار الأشغال و الآخرة دار الاهوال، ولا یزال العبد بین الأشغال و الأهوال حتی یستقر به القرار، اما إلی الجنة و اما إلی النار.» دنیا جایگاه اشغال است و عقبی محل اهوال و پیوسته بنده میان اشغال و بیم است تا بر چه قرار گیرد، اما با نعیم آرامد و اما اندر جحیم نالد. خنک آن دلی که از اشغال دنیا رسته باشد و از اهوال آخرت ایمن شده. همت از این هر دو سرا بگسسته باشد و به حق پیوسته.
و مذهب او آن بود که غنا را بر فقر فضل نهادی و چون وی را اندر ری وام بسیار برآمد قصد خراسان کرد. چون به بلخ رسید مردمان وی را بازداشتند تا آن جا مدتی سخن گفت و پند و عشت داد هر یک را، و صد هزار درم سیم مردمان وی را خدمت کردند. چون بازگشت تا به ری باز رود دزدان بر وی خوردند و آن همه از وی بستدند. وی مجرد به نشابور آمد وفاتش آن جا بود اندر جملهٔ احوال عزیز بود و وجیه، میان خلق.

English translation

And among them: the tongue of love and fidelity, and the ornament of the Path and devotion, Abu Zakariyya Yahya ibn Mu'adh al-Razi, may Allah be pleased with him.

He was of exalted state and fair conduct, and in the reality of hope in God the Exalted he had taken a perfect step; so much so that Husri, may Allah's mercy be upon him, said: 'God the Exalted had two Yahyas: one from among the prophets and the other from among the saints. Yahya ibn Zakariyya, peace be upon him, trod the path of fear in such a way that all who laid claim to fear despaired of their own salvation; and Yahya ibn Mu'adh trod the path of hope in such a way that he rubbed the hand of all who laid claim to hope in the dust.' They said: 'The state of Yahya ibn Zakariyya, peace be upon him, is known; how was the state of this Yahya?' He said: 'It has reached me that he never had any ignorance (of the age before faith), and no grave sin was committed by him, and in spiritual practice and striving he had such earnestness that none among his companions could endure his measure.'

They said: 'O Shaykh, your station is the station of hope, yet your practice is the practice of the fearful?' He said: 'Know, O son, that abandoning servitude is error, and fear and hope are the two supports of faith; it is impossible that one who strives in a pillar among the pillars of faith should fall into error. The fearful one worships out of dread of separation, and the hopeful one out of longing for union. Until worship exists, neither fear is made right nor hope; and when worship is attained, this fear and hope, all of it, becomes mere expression, and where worship is required, expression is of no use.'

He has many compositions, and subtle sayings and marvelous allusions, and he was the first of the shaykhs of this community, after the Rightly Guided Caliphs, who ascended the pulpit. And I love his words dearly, for they are tender in nature, delightful to the ear, subtle in their root, and profitable in expression.

It comes from him that he said: 'The world is the abode of occupations and the hereafter the abode of terrors, and the servant remains ever between occupations and terrors until his settlement comes to rest, either in the Garden or in the Fire.' The world is the place of occupations and the hereafter the seat of terrors, and the servant is continually between occupations and dread until it be seen upon what he comes to rest: either he reposes in bliss or he groans in Hell. Blessed is that heart which has been freed from the occupations of the world and made secure from the terrors of the hereafter, whose aspiration has been severed from both these abodes and joined to the Truth.

And his doctrine was that he set wealth above poverty. And when much debt came upon him in Rayy, he set out for Khurasan. When he reached Balkh, the people detained him, so that he spoke there for a time and gave counsel and admonition to each one, and the people rendered him a service of a hundred thousand dirhams of silver. When he turned back to return to Rayy, robbers fell upon him and took all of that from him. He came alone to Nishapur, and his death was there. In all his states he was esteemed and honored, dignified among the people.

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Updated 2026-07-20

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course

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