1Cademy - بخش ۱ - بابُ أحکامِ السَّماعِ / Section 1 - The Chapter on the Rulings of Audition (Bab Ahkam al-Sama)

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بخش ۱ - بابُ أحکامِ السَّماعِ / Section 1 - The Chapter on the Rulings of Audition (Bab Ahkam al-Sama')

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بدان که سماع را اندر طبایع حکم های مختلف است، همچنان که ارادت اندر دل ها مختلف است، و ستم باشد که کسی مر آن را بر یک حکم قطع کند.
و جملهٔ مستمعان بر دو گونه اند: یکی آن که معنی شنوند و دیگر آن که صوت و اندر این هر دو اصل فواید بسیار است و آفات بسیار؛ از آن چه شنیدن اصوات خوش غلیان معنیی باشد که اندر مردم مرکب بود اگر حق بود حق و اگر باطل بود باطل کسی را که مایه به طبع فساد بود آن چه شنود همه فساد باشد.

و جملگی این اندر حکایت داودعلیه السلام بیاید که چون حق تعالی وی را خلیفت گردانید وی را صوتی خوش داد و حلق او را مزامیر گردانید و کوه ها را رسایل وی کرد؛ تا حدی که وحوش و طیور از کوه و دشت به سماع آمدندی و آب باستادی و مرغان از هوا درافتادی. و اندر آثار آمده است که یک ماه آن خلق اندر آن صحرا هیچ نخوردندی و اطفال نگریستندی و هیچ شیر نخوردندی و هرگاه که خلق از آن جا بازگشتندی بسیار مردم از لذت کلام و صوت و لحن وی مرده بودندی؛ تا حدی که گویند یک بار هفتصد کنیزک عذرا به شمار برآمد.
و آنگاه چون حق تعالی خواست که مستمع صوت و متابع طبع را جدا کند از اهل حق و مستمع حقیقت، ابلیس را به درخواست وی و حیله و مکر وی بماند تا نای و تنبور بساخت و اندر برابر مجلس داود علیه السلام مجلسی فرا گسترید تا آنان که می صوت داود شنیدند به دو گروه شدند: یکی آن که اهل شقاوت بودند و دیگر آن که اهل سعادت. آن گروه به مزامیر ابلیس مشغول شدند و این گروه به اصوات داود بماندند؛ و باز آن که اهل معنی بودند صوت داود و غیر وی اندر پیش دل ایشان نبود؛ از آن چه همه حق می دیدند، اگر مزامیر دیو شنیدندی اندر آن فتنهٔ حق دیدندی و اگر صوت داود اندر آن هدایت حق، از کل بازماندند و از متعلقات اعراض کردند و هر دو را چنان که بود بدیدند صواب را به صواب و خطا را به خطا. و آن را که سماع بدین نوع بود هرچه بشنود همه حلال باشدش.

و گروهی گویند از مدعیان که: «ما را سماع بر خلاف این می افتد که هست.» و این محال باشد؛ از آن چه کمال ولایت آن بود که هر چیزی چنان بینی که هست تا دیده درست باشد و اگر بر خلاف بینی درست نیاید ندیدی که پیغمبر علیه السلام چه گفت؛ قوله، علیه السلام: «اللهم أرنا الأشیاء کماهی. بار خدایا بنمای ما را هر چیزی چنان که آن است.» و چون دیدن درست مر چیزها را آن بود که ببینی بر آن صفت که هست، پس سماع درست نیز آن بود که بشنوی هر چیزی را چنان که هست آن چیز اندر نعت و حکم.
و آنان که اندر مزامیر مفتون شوند و به هوی و لهو مقرون شوند، از آن است که می به خلاف آن بشنوند که هست. اگر بر موافقت حکم آن سماع کنندی از همه آفات آن برهندی. ندیدی که اهل ضلالت کلام خدای تعالی بشنیدند و ضلالتشان بر ضلالت زیادت شد؟ چنان که نضر بن الحارث گفت: «هذا أساطیر الأولین» و عبدالله بن سعد بن ابی سرح که کاتب وحی بود گفت: «فتبارک الله أحسن الخالقین (۱۴/المؤمنون)»، و گروهی دیگر «ثم استوی علی العرش (۵۴/الأعراف)» را اثبات مکان و جهت و گروهی «وجاء ربک والملک صفا صفا (۲۲/الفجر)» را دلیل مجیء! چون دلشان محل ضلالت بود شنیدن کلام رب العزه ایشان را هیچ سود نداشت.

و باز موحدان در شعر شاعر نظر کردند آفرینندهٔ طبع ورا دیدند و زدایندهٔ خاطرش را و اندر آن اعتبار فعل را بر فاعل دلیل کردند؛ تا آن گروه اندر حق گمراه شدند و این گروه اندر باطل، راه یافتند و انکار این مکابره ای عیان باشد.

English translation

Know that audition (sama') has different rulings within temperaments, just as will differs within hearts, and it would be unjust for someone to fix a single ruling upon it.

And all listeners are of two kinds: one who hears the meaning and another who hears the sound; and in both of these principles there are many benefits and many harms. For hearing pleasant sounds is a boiling-up of a meaning compounded within a person: if it is truth, then truth, and if it is falsehood, then falsehood. Whoever has within his nature the substance of corruption, whatever he hears is all corruption.

And all of this comes in the tale of David (peace be upon him): when God Most High made him His vicegerent, He gave him a beautiful voice and made his throat like reed-pipes and made the mountains his responders; to such a degree that the wild beasts and birds came from mountain and plain to his audition, and the water stood still, and the birds fell from the air. And it has come in the traditions that for a month those people ate nothing in that desert, and infants looked on and drank no milk, and whenever the people returned from there, many had died from the pleasure of his speech and voice and melody; to such a degree that they say once seven hundred virgin maidens were counted among them.

And then, when God Most High willed to separate the listener of sound and the follower of nature from the people of truth and the listener of reality, He left Iblis, at his own request and by his trickery and deceit, so that he fashioned the reed-pipe and tanbur and spread out an assembly opposite the assembly of David (peace be upon him), so that those who heard the voice of David became two groups: one who were the people of wretchedness and the other the people of felicity. That group busied themselves with the reed-pipes of Iblis, and this group remained with the sounds of David; and again, those who were people of meaning, the voice of David and other than it was not before their hearts, for they saw all as truth: if they heard the reed-pipes of the devil, they saw in it the trial of God, and if the voice of David, in it the guidance of God; they remained apart from all, and turned away from attachments, and saw both as they were, the right as right and the error as error. And whoever's audition is of this kind, whatever he hears is all lawful for him.

And a group of the pretenders say: 'For us audition falls contrary to what it is.' And this is absurd; for the perfection of sainthood is that you see each thing as it is, so that the seeing may be correct, and if you see it contrary, it does not come out correct. Did you not see what the Prophet (peace be upon him) said? His saying: 'O God, show us things as they are.' And since correct seeing of things is that you see them in the attribute in which they are, then correct audition is also that you hear each thing as it is, that thing in its description and ruling.

And those who become infatuated with the reed-pipes and joined to caprice and idle play, it is because they hear contrary to what it is. If they performed audition in accordance with its ruling, they would escape all its harms. Did you not see that the people of error heard the speech of God Most High and their error increased upon error? As Nadr ibn al-Harith said: 'These are the fables of the ancients,' and Abdullah ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Sarh, who was the scribe of revelation, said: 'So blessed be God, the best of creators (23:14),' and another group used 'then He mounted the throne (7:54)' to affirm place and direction, and another group used 'and your Lord comes and the angels rank upon rank (89:22)' as proof of coming and motion! Since their hearts were the locus of error, hearing the speech of the Lord of Might availed them nothing.

And again, the monotheists looked into the poetry of the poet and saw the creator of its nature and the polisher of its thought, and in that consideration made the act a proof of the actor; so that group went astray concerning truth, and this group found the way even in falsehood. And to deny this is a manifest obstinacy.

Updated 2026-07-20

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