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بخش ۴۱ - قاعده در بیان اقسام فضیلت / Section 41 - Principle on Explaining the Divisions of Virtue

متن و ترجمه / Text and Translation

اصول خلق نیک آمد عدالتپس از وی حکمت و عفت شجاعت
The foundation of good character is justice,
followed by wisdom, temperance, and courage.
حکیمی راست گفتار است و کردارکسی کو متصف گردد بدین چار
Wise in speech and action is the one
who is characterized by these four.
به حکمت باشدش جان و دل آگهنه گربز باشد و نه نیز ابله
Through wisdom, his soul and heart are aware—
he is neither deceitful nor foolish.
به عفت شهوت خود کرده مستورشره همچون خمود از وی شده دور
Through temperance, he has subdued his lust,
and both greed and apathy are far from him.
شجاع و صافی از ذل و تکبرمبرا ذاتش از جبن و تهور
Courageous and pure from self-abasement and pride,
his essence is free from cowardice and foolhardiness.
عدالت چون شعار ذات او شدندارد ظلم از آن خلقش نکو شد
When justice becomes the banner of his essence,
he commits no oppression, and thus his character is made good.
همه اخلاق نیکو در میانه استکه از افراط و تفریطش کرانه است
All good character traits lie in the middle way,
which is bounded by excess and deficiency.
میانه چون صراط مستقیم استز هر دو جانبش قعر جحیم است
The middle way is like the straight path;
on both sides of it lies the depth of hell.
به باریکی و تیزی موی و شمشیرنه روی گشتن و بودن بر او دیر
In its thinness and sharpness, it is like a hair and a sword;
there is no way to turn from it or tarry long upon it.
عدالت چون یکی دارد ز اضدادهمی هفت آمد این اضداد ز اعداد
Since justice has opposites,
these opposites are seven.
به زیر هر عدد سری نهفت استاز آن درهای دوزخ نیز هفت است
Beneath each number a secret is hidden;
for this reason, the gates of hell are also seven.
چنان کز ظلم شد دوزخ مهیابهشت آمد همیشه عدل را جا
Just as hell is prepared by oppression,
paradise is always the abode of justice.
جزای عدل، نور و رحمت آمدسزای ظلم، لعن و ظلمت آمد
The reward of justice is light and mercy;
the retribution for oppression is curse and darkness.
ظهور نیکویی در اعتدال استعدالت جسم را اقصی کمال است
The manifestation of goodness lies in equilibrium;
justice is the ultimate perfection of the body.
مرکب چون شود مانند یک چیزز اجزا دور گردد فعل و تمییز
When a compound becomes like a single thing,
action and discernment are removed from the parts.
بسیط الذات را مانند گرددمیان این و آن پیوند گردد
It becomes like the simple essence,
and a connection is formed between this and that.
نه پیوندی که از ترکیب اجزاستکه روح از وصف جسمیت مبراست
Not a connection arising from the combination of parts,
for the spirit is free from the quality of corporality.
چو آب و گل شود یکباره صافیرسد از حق بدو روح اضافی
When water and clay become entirely pure,
the relative spirit arrives from the Truth.
چو یابد تسویت اجزای ارکاندر او گیرد فروغ عالم جان
When the parts of the elements attain equilibrium,
the radiance of the world of the soul takes hold in it.
شعاع جان سوی تن وقت تعدیلچو خورشید و زمین آمد به تمثیل
The ray of the soul toward the body at the time of equilibrium
is like the comparison of the sun and the earth.

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Updated 2026-09-12

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