1Cademy - بخش ۹۳ - ذکر ابوالعباس نهاوندی رحمةالله علیه / Section 93 - Mention of Abu al-Abbas Nahavandi, May Allah Have Mercy on Him

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تذکرة الأولیاء / Memorial of the Saints

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بخش ۹۳ - ذکر ابوالعباس نهاوندی رحمةالله علیه / Section 93 - Mention of Abu al-Abbas Nahavandi, May Allah Have Mercy on Him

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آن محتشم روزگار آن محترم اخیار آن کعبهٔ مروت آن قبلهٔ فتوت آن اساس خردمندی شیخ ابوالعباس نهاوندی رحمةالله علیه یگانهٔ عهد و معتبر اصحاب بود و در تمکین قدمی راسخ داشت و در ورع و معرفت شأنی عظیم داشت.
نقلست که شیخ خودگفت: که در ابتدا که مرا ذوق این کار بود و درد این طلب جان من گرفت مرا به مراقبت اشارت شد.

و ازو میارند که گفت: در ابتدا که مرا درد این حدیث بگرفت دوازده سال علی الدوام سر به گریبان فرو برده بودم تاگوشه دلم به من نمودند تا وقتی بر زبان او می رفت که عالم همه در آرزو آیند که حق یک ساعت ایشان را بود و من در آرزوی آنم که یک ساعت مرا با من باز دهد و مرا با من باز گذارد تا من خود چه چیزم و از کجا ام و این آرزو هرگز برنمی آید.
وسخن اوست که گفت: با خداوند تعالی بسیار نشینید و با خلق اندک.

و گفت: آخر درویشی اول تصوف است.
و گفت: تصوف پنهان داشتن حالست و جاه را بذل کردن بر برادران.

نقلست که یک روز درویشی نزدیک او آمد و گفت: شیخا مرا دعاا کن گفت: خداوند تعالی وقت خوشت بدهاد.
گفت: که شیخ کلاهدوزی دانستنی و گاه گاه بدان مشغول بودی و هرکلاه که دوختی بیش از یک درم و یادو درم نفر وحتی و آنکس که کلاه او بفروختی یک درم باو دادی تا هر که او را پیش آمدی بدادی آن بنخستین کسی و یک درم به نان دادی تا بر سری زاویه آمدی و با درویشان بخوردی و بعد از آن به کار کلاه پیشین باقی بودی کلاه دیگر بدوختی.

نقلست که شیخ را مریدی بود مالدارو زکوتش می بایست دادن یک روز پیش شیخ آمد و گفت: ایهاالشیخ زکوة بکه دهم گفت: با هرکسی که دلت قرار گیرد آن مرد برفت و در سری راه درویش دید نابینا که نشسته بود و سئوال می کرد و اضطراب ظاهر دشات دلش بر وی قرا رگفت: که چشم ندارد و استحقاق عظیم دارد آن زکوة و چیزی بوی بدهم درستی زر در کیسه داشت بیرون آورد بوی داد نابینا دست زده وزن کرد گران نمود دانست که زر است شادمان شد مرد برفت و بامداد بدینجا گذر کرد که راه گذارش بروی بود دید که آن نابینا با نابینای دیگر می گوید که دیروز خواجهٔ بدینجا گذر کرد و درستی زر به من بداد برفتم به فلان خرابات و شب تا روز با فلان مطربه دمی عشرت کردم مرید شیخ چون آن شنید مضطرب شد و پیش شیخ آمد و ازحال نابینا خواست که بگوید شیخ کلاهی فروخته بود و بر همان عادت که داشت یک درم باوی داد گفت: برو هر که ترا نخست کس پیش آمد باو بده مرید آن درم بستاند و برفت در راه نخست کسی که او را پیش آمد علوی بود زود آن درم شیخ را باو داد وعلوی آن درم بستاند و برفت مرد گفت: باش تا در عقب او بروم و بنگرم تا او این درم بچه صرف می کند پس در پی او برفت تا علوی به خرابه رسید به آنجا درآمد کبک مردهٔ از زیر جامه بکشید و بر آنجا بینداخت و بیرون آمد و مرید گفت: ای جوانمرد به خداوند بر تو که راست گوی تا این چه حالست و این چه کبک مرده که بدینجا انداختی گفت: بدانکه آنچه بر ما رسیده است اگر بگویم از حق تعالی شکایت کرده باشم اما چون سوگند عظیم دادی به ضرورت بباید گفتن مردی درویش و عیال دارم و امروز هفت روز است که من و اهل و فرزندان طعام نیافته ایم گفتم اگر مرا و اهل مرا صبر باشد طفلان مرا نباشد و این برای ایشان مباح شده است ببرم تا ایشان بخورند و مرا ذل سؤال سخت میامد که برای نفس دست پیش غیر آورم ازوی چیزی طلب کنم و می گفتم خداوندا تو می دانی ازحال من و فرزندان من باخبری که اضطراب به کمال رسیده است و مرا از خلق چیزی طلب کردن خوش نمی آید من درین گفتار بودم که تو این درم بمن دادی چون وجه حلال یافتم برفتم و آن مرغ بیانداختم و اکنون بردم و این در مرا در وجه قوتی صرف کنم و آن مرد تعجب کرد و گفت: عجب حالی پیش شیخ آمد و پیش از آنکه با شیخ گوید شیخ گفت: ای مرد این روشن است که تو با عوان معامله کنی و با ظالمان خرید و فروخت لاجرم مالی که گرد آید از حرام بود و زکوة آن به چنین مرد رود که با شراب دهد که اصل کار در معامله است و گوش بدخل و خرج داشتن که هرچه بدهی به جایگاه افتد چنانکه این درم که من از کسب خود پیدا کرده ام تا لاجرم سزاوار علوی شد و حق به مستحق رسید.
نقلست که ترسائی در روم شنیده بود که بمیان مسلمانان اهل فراست بسیار است از برای امتحان از آنجا به جانب دارالسلام روان شد مرقع درپوشید و خود را بر شبیه صوفیان براه آورد و عصا در دست می آمد تا به خانقاه شیخ ابوالعباس قصاب درآمد چون پای به خانقاه درآورد شیخ مردی تند بود چون نظرش بروی افتاد گفت: این بیگانه کیست در کار آشنایان چه کار دارد ترسا گفت: یکی معلوم شد از آنجا بیرون آمد و رو به خانقاه شیخ ابوالعباس نهاوندی نهاد و آنجا نزول کرد معلوم شیخ کردند و هیچ نگفت: و او را التفات بسیار نمود چنانکه ترسا را از آن حسن خلق او خوش آمد و چهار ماه آنجا بماند که با ایشان وضو می ساخت و نماز می گذارد و بعد از چهار ماه پای افزار در پای کرد تا برود شیخ آهسته درگوش او گفت: که جوانمردی نباشد که بیائی بادرویشان نان و نمک خوری و بایشان صحبت داری و به آخر همچنانکه آمدهٔ بروی یعنی بیگانه آئی و بیگانه روی آن ترسا در حال مسلمان شد و آنجامقام کرد و به کار مردانه برآمد تا در آن کار بحدی رسید که چون شیخ وفات کرد اصحاب اتفاق کردند و برجای شیخ بنشاندند رحمةالله علیه.

English translation

That magnificent of the time, that respected of the good, that Kaaba of chivalry, that Qibla of futuwwat (spiritual chivalry), that foundation of wisdom, Sheikh Abu al-Abbas Nahavandi—may Allah have mercy on him—was unique in his era and esteemed among his companions. He had a firm footing in steadfastness and a great rank in piety and gnosis. It is narrated that the Sheikh himself said: 'In the beginning, when I had a taste for this work and the pain of this seeking took hold of my soul, I was directed toward watchful meditation (muraqaba).' And it is related from him that he said: 'In the beginning, when the pain of this matter seized me, I spent twelve years continuously with my head lowered into my collar until the corner of my heart was shown to me.' Sometimes it would pass upon his tongue: 'The whole world wishes that Truth (Haqq) belonged to them for one hour, and I wish that He would return me to myself for one hour and leave me with myself, so that I might see what I am and from where I am; yet this wish is never fulfilled.' And it is his word when he said: 'Sit much with God Almighty and little with the creation.' And he said: 'The end of dervishhood is the beginning of Sufism.' And he said: 'Sufism is the concealment of one's state and the sacrificing of rank for one's brothers.' It is narrated that one day a dervish came to him and said: 'O Sheikh, pray for me.' He said: 'May God Almighty give you a pleasant time.' It is said that the Sheikh knew the craft of cap-making and was sometimes occupied with it. Any cap he sewed, he would not sell for more than one or two dirhams. He would give one dirham to the person who sold the cap for him, to give to the first person he met. And he would spend one dirham on bread to bring to the corner of the hospice (zawiya) and eat with the dervishes. After that, he would return to the work of the previous cap and sew another. It is narrated that the Sheikh had a wealthy disciple who needed to give his Zakat. One day he came to the Sheikh and said: 'O Sheikh, to whom should I give the Zakat?' He said: 'To whoever your heart finds peace with.' The man went and saw a blind dervish sitting on the road, begging and showing great agitation. His heart settled on him, thinking: 'He has no eyes and is in great need; I will give him this Zakat and something more.' He had a bag of gold coins; he took one out and gave it to him. The blind man felt it, weighed it, and found it heavy. Realizing it was gold, he was overjoyed. The man left, and the next morning he passed by that way again, for it was his path. He saw that blind man talking to another blind man, saying: 'Yesterday a master passed by here and gave me a gold coin. I went to such-and-such tavern and spent the night until morning in pleasure with such-and-such singer.' When the Sheikh's disciple heard this, he became agitated and came to the Sheikh to report the blind man's state. The Sheikh had sold a cap and, according to his custom, gave him a dirham, saying: 'Go and give this to the first person you meet.' The disciple took the dirham and went. The first person he met on the road was a descendant of the Prophet (Alawi). He quickly gave the Sheikh's dirham to him. The Alawi took the dirham and left. The man said: 'Let me follow him and see what he does with this dirham.' He followed him until the Alawi reached a ruin. There, he pulled a dead partridge from under his garment, threw it down, and came out. The disciple said: 'O brave youth, by God, tell me the truth of this matter and why you threw this dead partridge there.' He said: 'Know that if I were to tell what has befallen us, I would be complaining against God Almighty. But since you gave a great oath, I must tell out of necessity. I am a dervish with a family. Today is the seventh day that I, my wife, and my children have found no food. I said to myself, if I and my wife can endure, my small children cannot. Thus, this dead bird became permissible for them, and I was taking it for them to eat. I felt the bitterness of begging was too harsh to stretch my hand toward others. I was saying: Lord, You know my state and the state of my children; the distress has reached its peak, and I do not like to ask anything from the creation. While I was saying this, you gave me this dirham. Since I found a lawful (halal) means, I went and discarded that bird. Now I am taking this dirham to spend on nourishment.' The man was amazed and said: 'What a strange situation!' Before he could speak to the Sheikh, the Sheikh said: 'O man, it is clear that you deal with tax-collectors and buy and sell with oppressors. Consequently, the wealth that is gathered is from the forbidden (haram), and its Zakat goes to such a man who spends it on wine. For the essence of the matter is in the transaction, and keeping an ear to the income and the expenditure; so that whatever you give falls in its proper place. Just as this dirham, which I earned through my own labor, was necessarily suited for the Alawi, and the right reached the rightful recipient.' It is narrated that a Christian in Rome had heard that among the Muslims there are many people of spiritual insight (ferasat). To test this, he set out from there toward the Abode of Peace (Baghdad). He put on a patched cloak (muraqqa), made himself look like the Sufis, and came with a staff in hand until he entered the hospice of Sheikh Abu al-Abbas Qassab. When he set foot in the hospice, the Sheikh, who was a stern man, looked at him and said: 'Who is this stranger? What business does he have in the work of the initiates?' The Christian said: 'One thing is known.' He came out from there and turned toward the hospice of Sheikh Abu al-Abbas Nahavandi and stayed there. They informed the Sheikh, and he said nothing, but showed him much attention, so much so that the Christian was pleased by his beautiful character. He stayed there for four months, performing ablutions and praying with them. After four months, he put on his shoes to leave. The Sheikh whispered in his ear: 'It would not be chivalrous for you to come, eat bread and salt with the dervishes, and keep company with them, only to leave exactly as you came—meaning to come as a stranger and leave as a stranger.' That Christian immediately became a Muslim and took up residence there, becoming so manly in the work that when the Sheikh passed away, the companions agreed and seated him in the Sheikh's place. May Allah have mercy on him.

Updated 2026-07-02

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