1Cademy - بخش ۲۴ - ذکر محمد اسلم الطوسی قدس الله روحه / Section 24 - Mention of Muhammad bin Aslam al-Tusi, May Allah Sanctify His Soul

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بخش ۲۴ - ذکر محمد اسلم الطوسی قدس الله روحه / Section 24 - Mention of Muhammad bin Aslam al-Tusi, May Allah Sanctify His Soul

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آن قطب دین و دولت، آن شمع جمع سنت، آن زمین کرده به تن مطهر، آن فلک کرده به جان منور، آن متمکن بساط قدسی محمد بن اسلم الطوسی رحمةالله علیه، یگانه جهان بود و مقتدای مطلق بود، و او را لسان رسول گفته اند، و شحنه خراسان نوشته اند، و کس را در متابعت سنت آن قدم نبوده است، که او را جمله عمر سکنات و حرکات او برجاده سنت یافته اند. با علی بن موسی الرضا رضی الله عنه به نشابور آمد. هردو به هم در کجاوه ای بودند بر یک اشتر، اسحاق بن راهویه الحنظلی مهار شتر می کشید. به نشابور رسیدند. به میان شهر برآمد. کلاهی نمدین بر سر و پیراهنی از پشم در بر و خریطه ای پر کتاب برکتف نهاده. مردمان چون اورا بدیدند بدان سیرت بگریستند. او نیز بگریست. گفتند: ما تو را با این پیراهن و با این کلاه نمی توانیم دید.
نقل است که او مجلس داشتی و به مجلس اوتنی چند معدود بیش نیامدندی، و با این همه از برکات نفس او قرب پنجاه هزار آدمی به راه راست بازآمدند و توبه کردند و دست از فساد بداشتند. پس مدت دو سال محبوس بود.

از جهت ظالمی که او را می گفت. بگوی که قرآن مخلوق است. گفت: نگویم.
در زندان کردند. هر آدینه غسل کردی و سنتها به جای آوردی، و سجاده برگرفتی و می آمدی تا به در زندان. چون منعش کردندی بازگشتی و روی بر خاک نهادی و گفتی: بار خدایا، آنچه بر من بود کردم. اکنون تو دانی.

چون اطلاقش کردند عبدالله طاهر امیر خراسان بود. مردی صاحب جمال بود به غایت و نیکو سیرت و با علما نیکو بود. به نشابورآمد. اعیان شهر همه به استقبال و سلام او آمدند. روز دوم همچنان به سلام شدند و روزهای سیم و چهارم پنجم وششم. عبدالله گفت: هیچ کس مانده است در این شهر که به سلام مانیامده است؟
گفتند: همه آمده اند مگر دو تن. گفت: ایشان کیانند؟

گفتند: احمد حرب و محمد اسلم الطوسی رحمهما الله.
گفت: چرا به نزد ما نیامدند؟

گفتند: ایشان علمای ربانی اند. به سلام سلطانان نروند.
گفت: اگر ایشان به سلام ما نیایند، ما به سلام ایشان رویم.

به نزدیک احمد حرب رفت. یکی گفت: عبد الله طاهر می آید. گفت: چاره ای نیست.
درآمد. احمد برپای خاست و سر در پیش افگنده می بود. ساعتی تمام پس سربرآورد و در وی می نگریست. گفت: شنوده بودم که مردی نیکو روی، ولیکن منظر بیش از آن است. نیکورویتر از آنی که خبر دادند. اکنون این روی نیکو را به معصیت و مخالفت امر خدای زشت مگردان.

از آنجا بیرون آمد. به نزد محمد اسلم شد. او را بار نداد. هرچند جهد کرد سود نداشت. و روز آدینه بود. صبر کرد تا به نماز آدینه بیرون آمد، و در او نگریست. عاقبت طاقتش برسید. از ستور فرود آمد و روی بر خاک قدم محمد اسلم نهاد و گفت: ای خداوند عزیز! او برای تو را که بنده بدم مرا دشمن می دارد، و من برای تو که بنده نیک است او را دوست می دارم، و غلام اویم چون هر دو برای توست این بد را در کار این نیک کن.
این بگفت و بازگشت. پس محمد اسلم بعد از آن به طوس رفت و آنجا ساکن شد. و او را آنجا مسجدی است که هرکه نابینا بود چون آنجا رسد بیند که چه جایگاه است و او عربی بود. چون آنجا نشست کرد به محمد اسلم الطوسی مشهور شد. و مدتی مدید در طوس بود و بر در خانه او آب روان بود. هرگز کوزه از آنجا برنگرفت. گفت: این آب از آن مردمان است. روا نبود که برگیرند.

و مدتی بر آب روانش میل بود. سود نداشت. چون عاقبت میل او از حد بگذشت یک روز کوزه ای آب از چاه برکشید. در آن جوی ریخت و از آن جوی آب روان برداشت. پس به نشابور بازآمد.
نقل است که از اکابر طریقت یکی گفت: در روم بودم، در جمعیتی. ناگاه ابلیس را دیدم که از هوا درافتاد.

گفتم: ای لعین! این چه حالت است و تو را چه رسید ه است؟
گفت: این چه حالت است و تو را چه رسیده است؟

گفت: این ساعت محمد اسلم در متوضا تنحنحی کرد. من از بیم بانگ او اینجا افتادم و نزدیک بود که از پای درآیم.
نقل است که او پیوسته وام کردی و به درویشان داد ی، تا وقتی جهودی بیامد و گفت: زری چند به تو داده ام، باز ده.

محمد اسلم هیچ نداشت. آن ساعت قلم تراشیده بود و تراشه قلم پیش نهاده، جهود را گفت: برخیز و آن تراشه قلم را برگیر!
جهود برخاست. می بیند که تراشه قلم زر شده بود. به تعجب بماند.

گفت : هر دینی که دروبنفس عزیزی تراشة قلم زر شود آن دین باطل نبود
ایمان آورد و قبیله او ایمان آورد.

نقل است که یک روز شیخ علی فارمذی در نیشابور مجلس می گفت و امام الحرمین حاضر بود یکی پرسید: العلما ورثه الانبیا کدام اند.
گفت: نه همانا که این گویند بود و نه همانا که این شنونده بود. یعنی امام الحرمین. اما این مرد بود که بر دروازه خفته است و اشارت کرد به خاک محمد اسلم.

نقل است که در نیشابور بیمار شد. یکی از همسایگان او را به خواب دید که می گوید: الحمدالله که خلاص یافتم و از بیماری بجستم.
آن مرد برخاست تا او را خبر دهد. چون به در خانه وی رسید پرسید که حال خواجه چیست؟

گفتند: خدایت مزد دهاد که او دوش درگذشت.
چون جنازه او برداشتند خرقه ای که او را بودی براو افگندند. پاره ای نمد کهنه داشت که برآنجا نشستی. در زیر جنازه افگندند. دو پیرزن بر بام بودند. با یکدیگر می گفتندکه : محمد اسلم بمرد و آنچه داشت با خود برد و هرگز دنیا او را نتوانست فریفت، رحمةالله علیه.

English translation

That pole of religion and state, that candle of the gathering of the Sunnah, that one who purified the earth with his body, that one who enlightened the heavens with his soul, that established one on the holy carpet, Muhammad bin Aslam al-Tusi, may Allah have mercy on him, was unique in the world and an absolute leader. He was called 'the tongue of the Messenger' and written of as 'the warden of Khorasan,' and none had such a footing in following the Sunnah as he, for throughout his life, his actions and stillness were always found on the path of the Sunnah. He came to Nishapur with Ali bin Musa al-Rida, may Allah be pleased with him. Both were together in a litter on a single camel, and Ishaq bin Rahwayh al-Hanzali was leading the camel's halter. They reached Nishapur. He entered the middle of the city, with a felt cap on his head, a woolen shirt on his body, and a pouch full of books over his shoulder. When the people saw him in this manner, they wept. He also wept. They said, 'We cannot bear to see you with this shirt and this cap.'

It is related that he held gatherings, and no more than a few numbered individuals would attend his assembly. Yet, through the blessings of his breath, nearly fifty thousand people returned to the right path, repented, and ceased corruption. He was then imprisoned for a period of two years by a tyrant who told him, 'Say that the Quran is created.' He said, 'I will not say it.' They threw him into prison. Every Friday, he would perform the ritual bath, observe the Sunnahs, take up his prayer rug, and walk to the prison door. When they barred him, he would return, place his face on the dust, and say, 'O Lord, I did what was incumbent upon me; now You know best.'

When he was released, Abdallah ibn Tahir was the Emir of Khorasan. He was an extremely handsome man, of excellent character, and kind to the scholars. He came to Nishapur. All the nobles of the city came to welcome and greet him. On the second day they also went to greet him, and so on the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth days. Abdallah said, 'Is there anyone left in this city who has not come to greet us?' They said, 'Everyone has come except two men.' He said, 'Who are they?' They said, 'Ahmad ibn Harb and Muhammad ibn Aslam al-Tusi, may Allah have mercy on them.' He said, 'Why did they not come to us?' They said, 'They are godly scholars; they do not go to greet rulers.' He said, 'If they do not come to greet us, we shall go to greet them.' He went to Ahmad ibn Harb. Someone said, 'Abdallah ibn Tahir is coming.' Ahmad said, 'There is no way out of it.' Abdallah entered. Ahmad stood up and kept his head bowed. After a full hour, he raised his head, looked at him, and said, 'I had heard that you are a handsome man, but the sight is even greater. You are handsomer than they reported. Now, do not make this handsome face ugly through disobedience and defiance of God's command.' He left that place and went to Muhammad ibn Aslam. Muhammad did not grant him admittance; no matter how hard Abdallah tried, it was of no use. It was Friday. Abdallah waited until Muhammad came out for the Friday prayer, and looked at him. Finally, his patience gave out. He dismounted from his horse, placed his face on the dust of Muhammad ibn Aslam's path, and said, 'O Mighty Lord! He dislikes me for Your sake because I am a bad servant, and I love him for Your sake because he is a good servant, and I am his slave; since both attitudes are for Your sake, forgive this bad one for the sake of this good one.' This said, he returned. Thereafter, Muhammad ibn Aslam went to Tus and settled there. There he has a mosque such that anyone who is blind, when they reach there, they see what kind of place it is; and he was an Arab. Since he settled there, he became famous as Muhammad ibn Aslam al-Tusi. He spent a long time in Tus, and there was running water by his door. He never took a pitcher of water from there. He said, 'This water belongs to the people; it is not proper to take from it.' For a long time, he had a desire for that running water, but it was of no avail. When his desire finally exceeded limits, one day he drew a pitcher of water from the well, poured it into that stream, and then took running water from that stream. Then he returned to Nishapur.

It is related that one of the elders of the path said: 'I was in Rome, in a gathering. Suddenly, I saw Iblis fall down from the air. I said, 'O accursed one! What state is this, and what has befallen you?' He said, 'Just this moment, Muhammad ibn Aslam cleared his throat in the place of ablution. Out of fear of his voice, I fell down here, and was close to perishing.''

It is related that he was constantly borrowing money to give to the poor, until a Jew came and said, 'Give me back the gold coins I lent you.' Muhammad ibn Aslam had nothing. At that moment, he had just trimmed a reed pen and the shavings of the pen were lying before him. He told the Jew, 'Get up and take those pen shavings!' The Jew got up and saw that the pen shavings had turned into gold. He remained in amazement. He said, 'Any religion in which pen shavings turn into gold through a precious soul cannot be false.' He embraced the faith, and his tribe also embraced the faith.

It is related that one day Sheikh Ali Farmadhi was lecturing in Nishapur, and Imam al-Haramayn was present. Someone asked, 'Who are the scholars who are the heirs of the Prophets?' He said, 'Not indeed this speaker, nor indeed this listener.' Meaning Imam al-Haramayn. 'But it was this man who is asleep at the gate,' and he pointed to the tomb of Muhammad ibn Aslam.

It is related that he fell ill in Nishapur. One of his neighbors saw him in a dream saying, 'Praise be to Allah, I have been delivered and escaped from illness.' The man arose to bring him the news. When he reached the door of his house, he asked, 'How is the master?' They said, 'May Allah reward you, for he passed away last night.' When they lifted his bier, they threw over it the cloak that he used to wear. He had a piece of old felt upon which he used to sit; they placed it under the bier. Two old women were on a roof, saying to one another, 'Muhammad ibn Aslam died and took whatever he had with him, and this world could never deceive him, may Allah have mercy on him.'

Updated 2026-07-02

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