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بخش ۳۰ - ذکر فتح موصلی قدس الله روحه العزیز / Section 30 - Mention of Fath al-Mawsili, May Allah Sanctify His Glorious Soul

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آن عالم فرع و اصل، آن حاکم وصل و فصل، آن ستوده رجال، آن ربوده جلال، آن بحقیقت ولی شیخ وقت، فتح موصلی رحمةالله علیه، از بزرگان مشایخ بود و صاحب همت بود و عالی قدر و در ورع و مجاهده بغایت بود و حزنی و خوفی غالب داشت و انقطاع از خلق و خود را پنهان می داشت از خلق تا حدی که دسته کلید برهم بسته بود بر شکل بازرگانان هرکجا رفتی در پیش سجاده بنهادی تا کسی ندانستی که او کیست وقتی دوستی از دوستان حق تعالی بدو رسید، او را گفت بدین کلیدها چه می گشایی که بر خود بسته ای! از بزرگی سوال کردند که فتح را هیچ علم هست؟ گفت او را بسنده است علم که ترک دنیا کرده است بکلی. ابو عبدالله بن جلا گوید که در خانه سری بودم چون پاره ای از شب بگذشت جامه های پاکیزه در پوشید و ردا برافکند. گفتم: درین وقت بکجا می روی؟
گفت: به عیادت فتح موصلی.

چون بیرون آمد عسس بگرفتش و بزندان برد. چون روز شد فرمودند که محبوسانرا چوب زنید. چون جلاد دست برداشت تا او را بزند. دستش خشک شد. نتوانست جنبانیدن. جلاد را گفتند چرا نمی زنی؟
گفت: پیری برابر من ایستاده است و می گوید تا براو نزنی، دست من بی فرمان شد بنگریستند فتح موصلی بود، سری را نزد او بردند و رها کردند. نقلست که روزی فتح را سوال کردند از صدق، دست د رکوره آهنگری کرد پاره ای آهن تافته بیرون آورد و بر دست نهاد.

گفت: صدق اینست. فتح گفت: امیرالمومنین علی را بخواب دیدم. گفتم مرا وصیتی کن.
گفت: ندیدم چیزی نیکوتر از تواضع که توانگر کند مرد درویش را بر امید ثواب حق.

گفتم: بیفزای، گفت: نیکوتر ازین کبر درویش است بر توانگران از غایت اعتماد که او دارد بر حق، نقلست که فتح گفت وقتی در مسجد بودم با یاران، جوانی در آمد با پیراهنی خلق و سلام کرد.
و گفت: غریبانرا خدای باشد و پس، فردا به فلان محلت بیای و خانه من نشان خواه و من خفته باشم، مرا بشوی و این پیراهن را کفن کن و بخاک دفن کن. برفتم چنان بود او را بشستم و آن پیراهن را کفن کردم و دفن کردم می خواستم که بازگردم، دامنم بگرفت و گفت اگر مرا ای فتح برحضرت خدای منزلتی بود ترا مکافات کنم برین رنج که دیدی. پس گفت مرد بر آن بمیرد که بر آن زیسته باشد. این بگفت و خاموش شد.

نقلست که یک روز می گریست، اشکهای خون آلود از دیدگان می بارید، گفتند یا فتح چرا پیوسته گریانی؟ گفت: چون از گناه خود یاد می کنم خون روان می شود از دیدة من که نباید که گریستن من به ریا، بود نه باخلاص.
نقلست که کسی فتح را پنجاه درم آورد. گفت در خبر است که هرکه را بی سوال چیزی دهند و رد کند برحق تعالی رد کرده است. یک درم بگرفت و باقی باز داد و گفت با سی پیر صحبت داشتم که ایشان از جمله ابدال بودند همه گفتند که بپرهیز از صحبت خلق و همه به کم خوردن، فرمودند، و گفت: ای مردمان نه هرکه طعام و شراب از بیمار باز گیرد بمیرد. گفتند: بلی، گفت همچنین دل که از علم و حکمت و سخن مشایخ باز گیرد بمیرد و گفت وقتی سوال کردم از راهبی که راه بخدای چگونه است؟

گفت چون روی براه وی آوردی آنجاست و گفت اهل معرفت آن قومند که چون سخن گویند از خدای گویند و چون عمل کنند برای خدای کنند و چون طلب کنند از او طلب کنند و گفت هرکه مداومت کند بر ذکر دل، آنجا شادی محبوب پدید آید و هرکه خدایرا برگزیند بر هوای خویش از آنجا دوستی خدای تعالی پدید آید و هرکه را آرزومندی بود به خدای روی بگرداند از هرچه جز اوست.
نقلست که چون فتح وفات کرد او را بخواب دیدند، گفتند خدای با تو چه کرد؟

گفت: خداوند تعالی فرمود که چرا چندین گریستی؟ گفتم الهی از شرم گناهان. فرمود یا فتح فریشتة گناه ترا فرموده بودم که تا چهل سال هیچ گناه بر تو ننویسد از بهر گریستن تو. رحمةالله علیه.

English translation

That scholar of the branches and the root, that ruler of union and separation, that praised among men, that enraptured by majesty, that in truth the guardian (wali) and Sheikh of the time, Fath al-Mawsili, may Allah have mercy on him, was among the great Sheikhs. He was a possessor of high spiritual ambition (himmat) and lofty stature, and was at the utmost limit in piety (wara') and self-mortification (mujahadah). He had a prevailing sadness and fear, kept away from people, and hid himself from them to such an extent that he kept a bunch of keys tied together in the manner of merchants, and wherever he went, he would place them in front of his prayer rug so that no one would know who he was. Once, one of the friends of God Almighty met him and said to him: 'What do you open with these keys that you have tied to yourself?' From a great figure they asked: 'Does Fath possess any knowledge?' He replied: 'It is sufficient knowledge for him that he has abandoned the world entirely.' Abu Abdillah bin Jalla said: 'I was in the house of Sari [al-Saqati]. When a portion of the night had passed, he put on clean clothes and threw his cloak over himself. I said: "Where are you going at this hour?" He said: "To visit Fath al-Mawsili." When he went out, the night watchmen seized him and took him to prison. When day broke, they ordered that the prisoners be beaten with sticks. As the executioner raised his hand to strike him, his hand dried up and he could not move it. They asked the executioner: "Why do you not strike?" He said: "An elder is standing before me, saying: 'Do not strike him,' and my hand has lost its command." They looked, and it was Fath al-Mawsili. They took Sari to him and released him.' It is related that one day Fath was asked about truthfulness (sidq). He put his hand into a blacksmith's forge, pulled out a piece of red-hot iron, and placed it on his hand. He said: 'Truthfulness is this.' Fath said: 'I saw the Commander of the Faithful, Ali, in a dream. I said: "Give me a counsel." He said: "I have not seen anything more beautiful than humility, which makes the wealthy stand before the poor hoping for God's reward." I said: "Tell me more." He said: "Even more beautiful than that is the pride of the poor before the wealthy out of the utmost reliance they have on God." It is related that Fath said: 'Once I was in the mosque with my companions. A youth entered wearing a worn-out shirt and greeted us, and said: "For strangers, there is only God, and that is all. Tomorrow, come to such-and-such neighborhood and ask for my house. I will be lying dead. Wash me, shroud me in this shirt, and bury me in the earth." I went, and it was just as he said. I washed him, shrouded him in that shirt, and buried him. As I wished to turn back, he grabbed my skirt and said: "O Fath, if I have a station before God, I will reward you for this trouble you have taken." Then he said: "A man dies upon that which he lived." Having said this, he fell silent.' It is related that one day he was weeping, and blood-colored tears poured from his eyes. They asked him: 'O Fath, why do you weep constantly?' He said: 'When I remember my sins, blood flows from my eyes, lest my weeping should be out of hypocrisy (riya) and not sincerity (ikhlas).' It is related that someone brought Fath fifty dirhams. He said: 'It is in the traditions that whoever is given something without asking for it and rejects it, has rejected it before God Almighty.' He took one dirham and returned the rest, saying: 'I kept company with thirty elders who were among the Abdal (the substitutes/saints). All of them said: "Beware of the company of people," and all of them commanded to eat little.' And he said: 'O people, is it not true that anyone from whom food and drink are withheld during sickness will die?' They said: 'Yes.' He said: 'Likewise, the heart from which knowledge, wisdom, and the speech of the Sheikhs are withheld will die.' And he said: 'Once I asked a monk: "How is the way to God?" He said: "When you turn your face toward His path, it is right there." And he said: "The people of gnosis (ma'rifah) are those who, when they speak, speak of God; and when they act, act for God; and when they seek, seek from Him." And he said: "Whoever persists in the remembrance of the heart, the joy of the Beloved appears there; and whoever prefers God over his own desires, the love of God Almighty appears from that; and whoever has a longing for God, turns his face away from whatever is other than Him." It is related that when Fath passed away, they saw him in a dream and asked: 'What did God do with you?' He said: 'God Almighty asked: "Why did you weep so much?" I said: "My Lord, out of shame for my sins." He said: "O Fath, I had commanded the angel of your sins not to write any sin for you for forty years because of your weeping."' May Allah have mercy on him.

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Updated 2026-07-02

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