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بخش ۹۰ - ذکر ابوالعباس سیاری رحمة الله علیه / Section 90 - Mention of Abu'l-Abbas al-Sayyari, May Allah Have Mercy on Him

Original content

آن قبله امامت آن کعبه کرامت آن مجتهد طریقت آن منفرد حقیقت آن آفتاب متواری شیخ عالم ابوالعباس سیاری رحمةالله علیه، از ائمه وقت بود و عالم به علوم شرایع و عارف به حقایق و معارف. و بسی شیخ را دیده بود و ادب یافته و اظرف قوم بود. و اول کسی که در مرو سخن از حقایق گفت، او بود. و فقیه و محدث و مرید ابوبکر واسطی بود. و ابتدای حال او چنان بود که از خاندان علم و ریاست بود و در مرو هیچ کس را در جاه و قبول بر اهل بیت او تقدم نبود. و از پدر میراث بسیار یافته، جمله را در راه خدا صرف کرد. و دوتای موی پیغامبر علیه السلام داشت، آن را بازگرفت، حق تعالی به برکات آن او را بوته داد و با ابوبکر واسطی افتاد. و به درجه ای رسید که امام صنفی شد از متصوفه که ایشان را سیاریان گویند. و ریاضت او تا حدی بود که کسی او را مغمزی می کرد، شیخ گفت: پائی را می مالی که هرگز به معصیت گامی فرا نرفته است.
نقل است که روزی به دکان بقال شد تا جوز خرد، سیم بداد. صاحب دکان شاگرد را گفت: جوز بهترین گزین. شیخ گفت: هر که را فروشی همین وصیت کنی یا نه؟ گفت: لیکن از بهر علم تو می گویم. گفت: من فضل علم خویش به تفاوت میان دو جوز بندهم و ترک جوز گرفت.

نقل است که وقتی او را به جبر منسوب کردند، از آن جهت رنج بسیار کشید تا عاقبت حق تعالی آن برو سهل گردانید. و سخن اوست که گفت: چگونه راه توان برد به ترک گناه و آن بر لوح محفوظ برنبشته است و چگونه خلاص توان یافت از چیزی که به قضا بر تو نبشته بود.
و گفت: بعضی از حکما را گفتند که معاش تو از کجاست گفت: از نزدیک آنکه تنگ گرداند معاش بر آنکه خواهد بی علتی و فراخ گرداند روزی بر آنکه خواهد بی علتی.

و گفت: تاریکی طمع، مانع نور مشاهده است.
و گفت: ایمان بنده هرگز راست بنایستد تا صبر نکند بر ذل، همچنان که صبر کند بر عز. و گفت: هر که نگاه دارد دل خویش را با خدای تعالی به صدق، خدای تعالی حکمت را روان گرداند بر زبان او.

و گفت: خطر انبیا راست و وسوسه اولیا را و فکر عوام را و عزم فساق را.
و گفت: چون حق تعالی بر نیکوئی نظر کند بر بنده ای، غایبش گرداند در هر حال از هر مکروهی که هست و چون نظر به خشم کند درو، حالتی پدید آید از وحشت که هر که بود ازو بگریزد.

و گفت: سخن نگفت از حق مگر کسی که محجوب بود ازو.
و ازو پرسیدند که: معرفت چیست؟ گفت: بیرون آمدن از معارف.

و گفت: توحید آنست که بر دلت جز ذوق حق نگذرد، یعنی چندان توحید را غلبه بود که هر چه به خاطر می آید به توحید فرو می شود و به رنگ توحید برمی آید، چنان که در ابتدا همه از توحید برخاست و به رنگ عدد شد. اینجا همه به توحید باز فرو شود و به رنگ احد می گردد که: کنت له سمعا و بصر الحدیث.
و گفت: عاقل را در مشاهده لذت نباشد زیرا که مشاهدهٔ حق، فناست که اندر وی لذت نیست. و ازو پرسیدند که: تو از حق تعالی چه خواهی؟ گفت: هر چه دهد، که گدا را هر چه دهی جایی گیر آید. و ازو پرسیدند که: مرید به چه ریاضت کند؟ گفت: به صبر کردن بر امرهای شرع و از مناهی بازایستادن و صحبت با صالحان کردن.

و گفت: عطا بر دو گونه است: کرامت و استدراج. هرچه برتر بدارد کرامت بود، و هرچه از تو زائل شود استدراج.
و گفت: اگر نماز روا بودی بی قرآن بدین روا بودی

اتمنی علی الزمان مجالا
ان یری فی الحیوة طلعة حر

معنی آنست که از زمانه مجالی همی خواستم که در همه عمر خویش آزاد مردی بینم. چون وفاتش نزدیک رسید، وصیت کرد که: آن دو تار موی پیغامبر را علیه السلام که بازگرفته بودم، در دهان من نهید. تا بعد از وفات او چنان کردند و خاک او به مرو است و خلق به حاجات خواستن آنجا می روند و مهمات ایشان از آنجا حاصل شود و مجربست رحمةالله علیه.

English translation

That Qibla of leadership, that Kaaba of generosity, that Mujtahid of the spiritual path, that unique one of truth, that hidden sun, the learned Sheikh Abu'l-Abbas al-Sayyari, may Allah have mercy on him, was among the imams of his time, learned in the sciences of the Divine Law (Sharia), and a gnostic of truths and spiritual knowledge. He had met many sheikhs, acquired refinement (adab) from them, and was the most elegant and witty of the people. He was the first person in Merv to speak of spiritual truths. He was a jurist, a scholar of Hadith, and a disciple of Abu Bakr al-Wasiti. At the beginning of his state, he belonged to a family of learning and leadership, and in Merv, no one preceded his household in rank and acceptance. He inherited a great fortune from his father and spent all of it in the way of Allah. He possessed two hairs of the Prophet, peace be upon him, which he kept close; through their blessings, the Almighty purified him in the crucible of trial, and he came to associate with Abu Bakr al-Wasiti. He reached such a degree that he became the leader of a sect of Sufis who are called the Sayyaris. His self-discipline was such that when someone was rubbing his foot and found fault, the Sheikh said: 'You are rubbing a foot that has never taken a step toward sin.'

It is related that one day he went to a grocer's shop to buy walnuts. He paid the money. The shop owner told his apprentice: 'Choose the best walnuts.' The Sheikh said: 'Do you give this same advice for whomever you sell to or not?' He replied: 'No, but I say this because of your learning.' The Sheikh said: 'I will not exchange the merit of my learning for the difference between two walnuts,' and he left the walnuts.

It is related that once they accused him of belief in fatalism (Jabr), because of which he suffered greatly, until at last the Almighty made it easy for him. And it is of his sayings that he said: 'How can one find a way to abandon sin when it is written on the Preserved Tablet, and how can one escape from something that was decreed for you?'

And he said: 'Some sages were asked, 'Where does your livelihood come from?' He replied, 'From near Him who narrows the livelihood of whomever He wills without any cause, and broadens the sustenance of whomever He wills without any cause.''

And he said: 'The darkness of greed is an obstacle to the light of contemplation.'

And he said: 'A servant's faith will never be upright until he is patient in humiliation just as he is patient in honor.' And he said: 'Whoever guards his heart with God the Almighty in truthfulness, God the Almighty will cause wisdom to flow upon his tongue.'

And he said: 'Spiritual risk is for the prophets, doubts and temptation (waswasa) for the saints, thoughts for the commoners, and resolve for the wicked.'

And he said: 'When Almighty God looks with favor upon a servant, He makes him absent in every state from whatever is disliked; and when He looks at him in anger, a state of dread arises in him such that everyone flees from him.'

And he said: 'None spoke of the Truth (God) except one who was veiled from Him.'

And they asked him: 'What is gnosis (ma'rifah)?' He said: 'Stepping out of acquired knowledges.'

And he said: 'Tawhid (Divine Unity) is that nothing passes through your heart except the taste of the Truth; meaning that Tawhid so overwhelms that whatever comes to mind is absorbed into Tawhid and takes on the color of Tawhid, just as in the beginning everything arose from Tawhid and took the color of numbers. Here, everything is re-absorbed into Tawhid and takes the color of the One (Ahad), as in the Hadith: 'I become his hearing and his sight...''

And he said: 'The wise man has no pleasure in contemplation, because contemplation of the Truth is annihilation (fana), in which there is no pleasure.' And they asked him: 'What do you desire from Almighty God?' He said: 'Whatever He gives; for whatever you give to a beggar is accepted.' And they asked him: 'With what should a disciple practice self-discipline?' He said: 'By patient adherence to the commands of the Sharia, abstaining from prohibitions, and keeping company with the righteous.'

And he said: 'Giving is of two kinds: grace (karamah) and gradual enticement to ruin (istidraj). Whatever elevates you is grace, and whatever is removed from you is gradual enticement.'

And he said: 'If prayer were permissible without the Qur'an, it would be permissible with this: I wished from time a chance that I might see the face of a free man in life.

The meaning is that he wanted an opportunity from time to see a free-spirited, noble person during his entire life. When his death drew near, he willed: 'Place the two hairs of the Prophet, peace be upon him, which I had kept, in my mouth.' After his death they did so. His grave is in Merv, and people go there to seek their needs, and their important affairs are resolved there, and this is proven, may Allah have mercy on him.'

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Updated 2026-07-02

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