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بخش ۷۰ - در وفات قیصر و پادشاهی جهانگیر / Section 70 - On the Death of Caesar and the Reign of Jahangir

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چنین گفت آنکه پیر راستان بود
که او گویندهٔ این داستان بود

که چون از مرگ گل شش سال بگذشت
مگر بر شاه قیصر حال برگشت

سحرگاه اندر آمد حال او تنگ
فرو کردند از عمرش شباهنگ

ز پیری چون کمان شد پشت او را
جوانی رفت و پیری کشت او را

بخواند آنگه جهانگیر جهان را
بتخت خویش بنشاند آن جوانرا

بدو گفت ای گرامی تر زجانم
جهان خواهد ربودن از جهانم

جهان باد جوانی از سرم برد
بسر باری پسر را از برم برد

کنونم زندگانی رخت بربست
بسوی خاک رفتم باد در دست

دریغا عمرم از هفتاد بگذشت
چو گردی آمد و چون باد بگذشت

مرادر پیش کاری بس شگرفست
که راه من بدین دریای ژرفست

کنونم درجهان کاری نماندست
ز من تا مرگ بسیاری نماندست

ترا کار ای پسر اینست امروز
که چون خورشید باشی عالم افروز

اگر تو عدل ورزی همچو خورشید
جهانی عمر تو خواهند جاوید

اگر تو چون سلیمانی سرافراز
سر مویی ز موری سرمکش باز

بگفت این و دمش بگسست وجان رفت
بیک دم از جهان جاودان رفت

چو رفت از آب چون آتش فرو مرد
چراغ عمر او خوش خوش فرو مرد

چو قیصر را قیامت بر درآمد
بیک ره قامت عمرش سرآمد

همه اندام او از هم فروشد
برآمد جان و دل در غم فرو شد

فرو شد آفتاب اودر ایوان
برآمد ناله از ایوان بکیوان

شهی کو تیغ میزد همچو الماس
نهان کردند شخصش زیر کرباس

چو بربستند ناگاهش زنخدان
همه کار جهان اینجا ز نخ دان

چو زیر پنبه شد آن چشمهٔ نوش
برآورد آن ستم کش پنبه از گوش

چو در خاکش نهادند آب بردش
بزرگی رفت و خاکی کرد خردش

بسی جا ساخت، جای او زمین بود
بسی در تاخت و انجامش همین بود

چو آمد کوزهٔ عمرش فرو درد
نهنگ خاک ناگاهش فرو برد

بلندان بین که پست خاک گشتند
ز پستی و بلندی پاک گشتند

زمین چندانکه یک یک جای بینی
ز سر تا پای، سر تا پای بینی

چوپا و سر بسی بینی بره باز
ندانی سر ز پا آنجایگه باز

اگر از آهنی فرسوده گردی
وگرسنگی چو بید پوده گردی

اگر هستی تو چون خورشید مه روی
چو خورشیدت کند آخر سیه روی

اگر صاف جهانی درد گردی
وگر مرد بزرگی خرد گردی

ز مردم تابمردم ره بسی نیست
اگر مردت کسی اکنون کسی نیست

نخست از آب جو چون دست شویی
بچاه اندازو سر برنه چو گویی

کسی کز خویشتن گوید بسی او
چو مرد آن خویشتن را دان کسی او

تحیر را نهایت نیست پیدا
که یابد باز یک سوزن ز دریا

رهیست این راه بس بی حد وغایت
نه او را ابتدا ونه نهایت

نه از اول بود پیشان پدیدش
نه در آخر بود پایان پدیدش

فلک چون بی سر و بن دید این راه
سرش درگشت و پی گم کرد آنگاه

تو هم گردش بسی در پیش داری
چه میگویم که هم درخویش داری

همه عالم اگر بر هم نهادی
بنای جمله بر یکدم نهادی

دلت از عالمی چون خرم آمد؟
که بنیاد همه بر ماتم آمد

بصد آویز عالم را چه داری
بگو تا واپسین دم را چه داری

نمیدارد ترا عالم که هستی
تو هم عالم مدار، از غم برستی

چرا در عالمی دل بسته داری
کزو غم در غمی پیوسته داری

بود هر ساعتت رنج و بلایی
که تا یک جو بدست آری ز جایی

بخون دل چو کوشیدی و مردی
چو مردی حسرت جاوید بردی

بود صد بار چون عمرت شد از دست
بسر باری حساب جوجوت هست

چرا این حرصت اندر جمع مالست
که گر اینجا وگر آنجا وبالست

همه دنیا سرابی مینماید
که چون شوریده خوابی مینماید

چو روزی چند بودی رخت برگیر
دلت بر تخته نه از تخت برگیر

اگر عشرت کنی صد سال پیوست
شوی چون خاک آخر باد در دست

ز دنیا گرچه نقشی نیست کس را
هوسناکان بسی اند این هوس را

اگرچه بی سر و بن شد بسی زو
نمیبینم برون رفته کسی زو

برین رفعت چودایم خانه خیزست
قویتر منصبی، شاهی گریزست

چو در هر خانهیی بینی شه انگیز
چرا شطرنج میبازی فرو ریز

زمین گر ملک تو آمد همه جای
مشو غره که از گاویست بر پای

تو آن ساعت که از مادر بزادی
بتنگ و بند جان کندن فتادی

چو در جان کندنی ای مانده در دام
منه جان کندنت را زیستن نام

سرافرازی مکن چندین که ناگاه
بزاری سرنگون مانی تو در چاه

چو در دنیا نمیگنجی تو از خویش
چگونه در لحد گنجی بیندیش

تکبر میکنی و می ندانی
که هستی گلخنی اما روانی

اگر در میکشید این پوست از تو
چه ماند گلخنی ای دوست از تو

هر آن نعمت که در روی زمینست
نجاست میشود از تو یقینست

اگرچه همچو جان زردرخورتست
نجاست چیست تعبیر زرتست

چه جویی در زر و نعمت ریاست
که هر دو هست در عقبی نجاست

زهی طوفان آتش بار دنیا
زهی خواب پریشان کار دنیا

اگر زین خواب بیداری دهندت
دمی صد جان بدلداری دهندت

اگر در خواب دنیا خفته مانی
بروز رستخیز آشفته مانی

همه شب خاک بیزی با چراغی
ز دود و گرد بگرفته دماغی

ز بهر نیم جو زرکان حرامست
ز صد جان باز جویی تا کدامست

ترا آخر چو مطلوبی عزیزست
نه چون مطلوب مرد خاک بیزست

تو هم انگار مرد خاک بیزی
چرا یک شب خدا را بر نخیزی

نداری در همه عالم کسی تو
چرا برخود نمیگریی بسی تو

اگر صد آشنا در خانه داری
چو میمیری همه بیگانه داری

نیاید هیچکس در گور با تو
مگر مشتی مگس یا مور با تو

اگر فعلی بد و گر نیک کردی
بگرمیت بسوزد یا بسردی

بجوجو، آنچ دزدیدی مه و سال
بدزدند از تو موران در چنان حال

دمی جز تخم بیکاری نکاری
که تو جز خویشتن داری نداری

ز پندار و منیست آن رنج پیوست
فروآسود هر کو از منی رست

زلا باید که اول در سرایی
اگر خواهی که از الا برآیی

که گر مویی ز هستی بازداری
جهانی بت پرستی باز دادی

به آسانیت این اندوه ندهند
بدست کاه برگی کوه ندهند

گرت یک ذره این اندوه باید
صفای بحر و صبر کوه باید

اگر پیش از اجل یک دم بمیری
دران یک دم همه عالم بگیری

نشستن مرگ را کاری نه خردست
که هر کو مرگ را بنشست مردست

اگر آگه شوی ای مرد مهجور
که از نزدیک کی ماندی چنین دور

ز حسرت داغ بر پهلو نهی تو
سر تشویر بر زانو نهی تو

درین غم تا نمیری بر نخیزی
زخود چون دیو از مردم گریزی

چو بردی از بسی شیطان سبق تو
ز عشق خود نپردازی بحق تو

بخود غره شدن زین بیش تا کی
ترا زین ناکسی خویش تا کی

اگر شایستهیی راه خدا را
بکلی میل کش چشم هوا را

چو نابینا شود چشم هوابین
بحق بینا شود چشم خدا بین

تو پنداری که در کار خدایی
تو پیوسته پرستار هوایی

برآی آخر دمی از چاه دنیا
بیندیش از سیاستگاه عقبی

کجا آن گاو قصابست آگاه
که خون او بخواهد ریخت در راه

اگر آگاه بودی گاوازان کار
چو گنجشگی فرو ماندی ازان بار

تو خودغافل تری زان گاو بسته
که میدانی چنین فارغ نشسته

مرا باری ازین غم دل نماندست
ازین مشکلترم مشکل نماندست

مرا گویند خواهی گشت خاکی
که در پیشست هر یک را هلاکی

اگرچه خاک گشتن خوش نباشد
شدم راضی اگر آتش نباشد

English translation

Thus spoke he who was the leader of the truthful, who was the teller of this tale: That when six years had passed since the death of Gol, the condition of King Caesar took a turn. At dawn his state became critical, the nightingale of death sounded the end of his life. From old age, his back became bent like a bow; youth departed, and old age killed him. He then summoned Jahangir, the master of the world, and seated that youth upon his throne. He said to him: 'O you who are dearer to me than my soul, the world is about to snatch me from the world. The wind of youth has blown away from my head; to make things worse, my son has departed from my side. Now my life has packed its bags; I go toward the dust, with wind in hand. Alas, my life has passed seventy; like dust it came, and like wind it passed. Before me lies a very great task, for my path is through this deep sea. Now no work remains for me in the world; not much remains between me and death. Your task today, O son, is this: that you be like the sun, illuminating the world. If you practice justice like the sun, the world will wish for your life to be eternal. If you are as exalted as Solomon, do not turn your head away by a hair's breadth from an ant.' He said this, and his breath ceased and his soul departed; in a single moment, he went from the world to the everlasting world. When he departed, he died out like fire from water; the lamp of his life gently, gently flickered out. When Caesar's resurrection arrived, at once the stature of his life came to an end. All his limbs collapsed together; his soul and heart departed, and fell into grief. The sun of his life set in the palace; wailing rose from the palace to the heavens. The king who used to strike with a sword like diamond— they hid his body under a shroud. When they suddenly bound his chin, know all the affairs of the world here to be but a chin-band. When that fountain of sweetness went under the cotton, that oppressed one pulled the cotton from his ear. When they laid him in the dust, water carried him away; greatness departed, and the dust made him small. He built many places, yet his place was the earth; he raided many gates, and his end was this. When the goblet of his life spilled its dregs, the monster of the earth suddenly swallowed him. See how the lofty became the lowliness of the dust; they became pure of highness and lowness. As far as you see the earth, place by place, from head to toe, you see head to toe. When you see many feet and heads on the way back, you will not know head from foot in that place. If you are worn down from iron, and if you become like decayed willow wood from stone. If you are face-like the sun and moon, the sun will make you black-faced in the end. If you are the clarity of the world, you will become dregs; and if you are a great man, you will become small. From person to person, the path is not long; if you are a man, now there is no one. First, wash your hands of the water of the brook, throw your head in the well and lie down like a ball. He who talks much of himself— when he dies, know that self to be someone. There is no end visible to bewilderment; who can find a single needle in the ocean? This road is a road without limit or end; it has neither beginning nor end. It has no beginning visible in the first place, nor is its end visible at the last. When the cosmos saw this road without head or bottom, its head spun, and then it lost its way. You too have many turnings ahead of you; what am I saying? For you also have it within yourself. If you put the whole world together, you laid the foundation of all upon a single breath. How did your heart become joyful from a world whose foundation of all was laid upon mourning? For what do you hold the world with a hundred attachments? Tell me, what do you have for the final breath? The world does not keep you because you exist; do not keep the world either, and you will be delivered from grief. Why do you keep your heart bound to the world, from which you have grief joined to grief? Every hour you have pain and calamity, so that you may gain a single grain from somewhere. When you strived with the blood of your heart and died, when you died, you took eternal regret with you. Suppose when your life has departed, besides, you have the account of grain by grain. Why is this greed of yours in gathering wealth, which here or there is a burden? The whole world appears to be a mirage, which seems like a troubled dream. Since you were here for a few days, pack your bags; place your heart on the board, lift it from the throne. If you live in pleasure for a hundred years continuously, in the end you will become dust, with wind in your hand. Although no one has any image from the world, many are desirous of this desire. Although many became headless and bottomless from it, I do not see anyone who has gone out of it. Since this elevated house is always rising, the strongest position, kingship, is an escape. Since in every house you see a king arising, why do you play chess? Sweep it away. If the earth became your kingdom everywhere, do not be proud, for it stands upon a bull. The hour you were born of your mother, you fell into the constraint and bond of death-throes. Since you are in death-throes, O caught in the trap, do not call your death-throes 'living.' Do not raise your head so much, for suddenly you will remain upside down in a well in misery. Since you do not fit in the world because of yourself, how will you fit in the grave? Think about it. You are proud and you do not know that you are a walking dunghill. If this skin were pulled off from you, what would remain of you, O friend, but a dunghill? Every bounty that is on the face of the earth, becomes impurity from you, it is certain. Although it is fit for you like yellow life, what is impurity? It is the interpretation of your gold. Why do you seek leadership in gold and bounty, for both are impurity in the hereafter. Oh, the fire-raining storm of the world! Oh, the troubled dream of the affairs of the world! If they give you awakening from this sleep, every moment they will give a hundred souls for your consolation. If you remain asleep in the sleep of the world, on the Day of Resurrection you will remain distraught. All night you sift dust with a lamp, with a brain filled with smoke and dust. For the sake of half a grain, gold-sifting is forbidden; from a hundred souls, seek which one it is. For in the end you have a dear goal, not like the goal of the dust-sifting man. You too think of yourself as the dust-sifting man; why do you not rise for God even one night? You have no one in the whole world; why do you not weep much for yourself? If you have a hundred acquaintances in the house, when you die, you have them all as strangers. No one comes into the grave with you, except a handful of flies or ants with you. Whether you did an evil deed or a good one, it will burn you with its heat or freeze you with its cold. Grain by grain, what you stole month and year, the ants will steal from you in such a state. Do not sow a single moment except the seed of detachment, for you have no one but yourself. That pain is always from imagination and ego; he who escaped from ego found rest. You must first say 'No' (la) in the palace, if you want to come out to 'Except' (illa). For if you keep a hair's breadth of existence, you have given a world of idol-worship. They do not give you this sorrow easily; they do not give a mountain to a blade of straw. If you need a single atom of this sorrow, you need the purity of the ocean and the patience of the mountain. If you die a moment before death, in that single moment you will take the whole world. To sit waiting for death is no small task, for whoever sat waiting for death died. If you become aware, O forsaken man, of how you remained so far from the Near One. From regret you would put a brand on your flank, you would lay the head of shame on your knee. In this grief, until you die you will not rise; you will flee from yourself like a demon from people. Since you surpassed many devils, you do not pay attention to the Truth due to your self-love. How long will you be proud of yourself? How long will you have this wretchedness of yours? If you are worthy of the path of God, draw a needle across the eye of desire. When the eye that sees desire becomes blind, the eye that sees God will become seeing of the Truth. You think you are in the service of God; you are constantly the worshiper of desire. Come out at last for a moment from the well of the world; think of the place of punishment in the hereafter. Where is that butcher's ox aware that its blood is about to be shed on the way? If the ox were aware of that business, like a sparrow it would remain helpless under that burden. You yourself are more heedless than that bound ox, who know and sit so unconcerned. For me, at least, no heart remains from this grief; no problem more difficult than this has remained. They tell me you will become dust, that for everyone there is destruction ahead. Although becoming dust is not pleasant, I am satisfied if there is no fire.

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Updated 2026-07-03

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course

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