1Cademy - دفتر اول - بخش ۶۹ - قصهٔ آدم علیه‌السلام و بستن قضا نظر او را از مراعات صریح نهی و ترک تاویل / Book One - Section 69 - The Story of Adam, Peace Be Upon Him, and How Fate Sealed His Vision from Heeding the Explicit Prohibition and Abandoning Interpretation (Tawil)

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مثنوی معنوی: دفتر اول / Masnavi: Book One

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دفتر اول - بخش ۶۹ - قصهٔ آدم علیه‌السلام و بستن قضا نظر او را از مراعات صریح نهی و ترک تاویل / Book One - Section 69 - The Story of Adam, Peace Be Upon Him, and How Fate Sealed His Vision from Heeding the Explicit Prohibition and Abandoning Interpretation (Ta'wil)

Original content

بوالبشر کو علم الاسما بگست
صد هزاران علمش اندر هر رگست

اسم هر چیزی چنان کان چیز هست
تا به پایان جان او را داد دست

هر لقب کو داد آن مبدل نشد
آنک چستش خواند او کاهل نشد

هر که اول مؤمنست اول بدید
هر که آخر کافر او را شد پدید

اسم هر چیزی تو از دانا شنو
سر رمز علم الاسما شنو

اسم هر چیزی بر ما ظاهرش
اسم هر چیزی بر خالق سرش

نزد موسی نام چوبش بد عصا
نزد خالق بود نامش اژدها

بد عمر را نام اینجا بت‌پرست
لیک مؤمن بود نامش در الست

آنک بد نزدیک ما نامش منی
پیش حق این نقش بد که با منی

صورتی بود این منی اندر عدم
پیش حق موجود نه بیش و نه کم

حاصل آن آمد حقیقت نام ما
پیش حضرت کان بود انجام ما

مرد را بر عاقبت نامی نهد
نی بر آن کو عاریت نامی نهد

چشم آدم چون به نور پاک دید
جان و سر نامها گشتش پدید

چون ملک انوار حق در وی بیافت
در سجود افتاد و در خدمت شتافت

مدح این آدم که نامش می‌برم
قاصرم گر تا قیامت بشمرم

این همه دانست و چون آمد قضا
دانش یک نهی شد بر وی خطا

کای عجب نهی از پی تحریم بود
یا به تاویلی بد و توهیم بود

در دلش تاویل چون ترجیح یافت
طبع در حیرت سوی گندم شتافت

باغبان را خار چون در پای رفت
دزد فرصت یافت کالا برد تفت

چون ز حیرت رست باز آمد به راه
دید برده دزد رخت از کارگاه

ربنا انا ظلمنا گفت و آه
یعنی آمد ظلمت و گم گشت راه

پس قضا ابری بود خورشیدپوش
شیر و اژدرها شود زو همچو موش

من اگر دامی نبینم گاه حکم
من نه تنها جاهلم در راه حکم

ای خنک آن کو نکوکاری گرفت
زور را بگذاشت او زاری گرفت

گر قضا پوشد سیه همچون شبت
هم قضا دستت بگیرد عاقبت

گر قضا صد بار قصد جان کند
هم قضا جانت دهد درمان کند

این قضا صد بار اگر راهت زند
بر فراز چرخ خرگاهت زند

از کرم دان این که می‌ترساندت
تا به ملک ایمنی بنشاندت

این سخن پایان ندارد گشت دیر
گوش کن تو قصهٔ خرگوش و شیر

English translation

The Father of Mankind, who spread abroad the knowledge of the Names — Hundreds of thousands of knowledges are within his every vein. The name of every thing, exactly as that thing is, He grasped its soul all the way to the very end. Every title he bestowed was never altered; Whomever he called nimble never became sluggish. Whoever was a believer from the first, he saw from the first; Whoever was an unbeliever at the last, that too appeared to him. The name of every thing — hear it from the Knower; Hear the secret mystery of "He taught the Names." The name of every thing to us is its outward aspect; The name of every thing to the Creator is its hidden secret. Before Moses, the name of his staff was "rod"; Before the Creator, its name was "dragon." 'Umar's name here was "idol-worshipper," Yet his name in the alast was "believer." What to us bore the name of "semen" (manī) — Before God, that image bore the name "one who is with Me" (bā-manī). This semen was a form in non-existence; Before God it was existent, neither more nor less. The upshot is: the truth of our name before the Divine Presence Is that which shall be our final end. He names a man by his ultimate end, Not by what has been borrowed as a name. When Adam's eye beheld by the pure light, The soul and secret of the names became revealed to him. When the angels found the lights of God within him, They fell into prostration and hastened to serve. In praising this Adam whose name I invoke, I fall short even if I reckon till the Resurrection. He knew all of this, yet when Fate arrived, His knowledge went astray before a single prohibition. "O wonder — was the prohibition meant for outright forbidding, Or was it by way of interpretation (ta'wīl) and illusion?" When interpretation found preference in his heart, His nature, in bewilderment, hastened toward the wheat. When the thorn entered the gardener's foot, The thief found his chance and swiftly bore away the goods. When he recovered from bewilderment and returned to the path, He saw the thief had carried the goods off from the workshop. "Our Lord, we have wronged ourselves" — he cried with a groan — That is: darkness came and the way was lost. Thus Fate is a cloud that covers the sun; Lion and dragon become like a mouse before it. If I see no snare at the moment of divine decree, I am not alone in being ignorant on the path of decree. Blessed is the one who took to doing good, Who abandoned force and took to lamentation. If Fate covers you in black like night, Fate too will take your hand in the end. If Fate aims at your soul a hundred times, Fate too will give your soul healing. If this Fate strikes you on the road a hundred times, It will pitch your tent atop the revolving sphere. Know from grace that which frightens you, That it may seat you in the realm of safety. This discourse has no end; it has grown long — Now listen to the tale of the hare and the lion.

Updated 2026-05-16

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